Index Nasca Lines calendars and clocks 173 festivals 471 Native Americans drama and theater 338 employment and labor 434 food and diet 481 inventions 603, 605 literature 665 migration and population movements 719–722 mining, quarrying, and salt making 750 music and musical instruments 772–773 religion and cosmology 862 sacred sites 907 seafaring and navigation 960–961 social collapse and abandonment 1008–1009 war and conquest 1154 natron 743–744 Natufian culture 840 natural disasters 775–785 Africa 776 Americas 782–783 Asia and the Pacific 778–779 Egypt 776–777, 777f, 784 Europe 779–780 Greece 780–781 Middle East 777–778, 785 Rome 781–782, 782f social collapse and abandonment 1005–1006 natural environment 546 natural gas 746 Natural History (Naturalis historia) (Pliny the Elder) art 113 astronomy 133 climate and geography 270–271 literature 664 mining, quarrying, and salt making 749 naturalistic medicine 940– 941 natural materials natural resources 243–244 Naucratis trading outpost 712 naval warfare 1128, 1138 navies military 727 war and conquest 1125, 1126, 1134 navigation See seafaring and navigation Nayarit people 120 Nazca culture art 122 astronomy 134 children 197 foreigners and barbarians 491 sacred sites 908 Nazca Lines astronomy 134 roads and bridges 892 Neanderthals exploration 436 migration and population movements 689 Nea Nikomedeia 360 Near East climate and geography 243, 244 weaponry and armor 1161 Nebra sky disk 130 Nebuchadnezzer I (king of Babylon) 398 Nebuchadnezzer II (king of Babylon) cities 214 empires and dynasties 398 Necho II (pharaoh of Egypt) exploration 438, 439 seafaring and navigation 953, 955 transportation 1112 necromancy 315 necropolises 457 needwork See textiles and needlework Nefertiti (queen of Egypt) adornment empires and dynasties 394 Nehebkau 464 Neo-Assyrian Empire architecture 63–64 empires and dynasties 387, 399 gender structures and roles 497 mining, quarrying, and salt making 745 roads and bridges 886 social organization 1022 war and conquest 1122, 1130, 1132–1133 Neo-Babylonian Empire architecture 64 cities 214 roads and bridges 886 scandals and corruption 912 Neo-Hittite basalt relief 1002f Neolithic agriculture 34–35 art 98 building techniques and materials 157–158 ceramics and pottery 182 cities 210, 215 climate and geography 239 death and burial practices 318 economy 360–361 food and diet 477–478 household goods 566 hunting, fishing, and gathering 572 inventions 596–597 migration and population movements 708, 710 military 731 nomadic and pastoral societies 794 religion and cosmology 834, 840 science 937 settlement patterns 969 social collapse and abandonment 1003 storage and preservation 1064 textiles and needlework 1080 trade and exchange 1098 war and conquest 1141 Neo-Sumerian Period 62 Neptune alter 959f Nergal 823 Nero (emperor of Rome) art 115 building techniques and materials 161 economy 370 empires and dynasties 415 gender structures and roles 502 literature 664 migration and population movements 718 natural disasters 782 religion and cosmology 861 resistance and dissent 880 scandals and corruption 909, 917 science 942 Nerva (emperor of Rome) 370, 416 Nesilim, Code of the 995–996 netherworld gods 315 Netiv Hagdud 25 Netjerykhet See Djoser (king of Egypt) nets 574, 575 nettle cloth 1079 Newgrange mound astronomy 129 calendars and clocks 169 sacred sites 902 New Guinea agriculture 32–33 climate and geography 251 migration and population movements 707 New Kingdom (Egypt) architecture 58 art 96 borders and frontiers 142 children 189, 190 cities 208 1267 clothing and footwear 274, 275 crafts 286–288 death and burial practices 313 drama and theater 329 economy 346–347, 349, 350 empires and dynasties 391, 394 exploration 437 festivals 464 foreigners and barbarians 485 hunting, fishing, and gathering 574 laws and legal codes 623, 624 migration and population movements 696–697 military 726, 727 music and musical instruments 764 nomadic and pastoral societies 789 religion and cosmology 840 sacred sites 900 seafaring and navigation 953 social organization 1015 towns and villages 1088 war and conquest 1128– 1130 weaponry and armor 1163 New Stone Age (Europe) 477–478 New Temple (Chavín de Huántar) education 386 religion and cosmology 865 New Temple Period (Peru) 538 New Zealand 252 Nguni people 693 Niah cave complex 316 Niger death and burial practices 313 hunting, fishing, and gathering 572, 573 Niger-Congo group 610 Nigeria clothing and footwear 274 crime and punishment 297 migration and population movements 692–693 Niger River 963f Niger River valley 344 Nike of Samothrace 112–113 Nile Delta climate and geography 239, 241–242 settlement patterns 964