ETHICS We should be no more troubled by the thought that at death our individuality will be replaced by other individuals than we are troubled by the fact that in life every time we take in new food we excrete waste Death is just a sleep in which individuality is forgotten It is only as phenomenon that one individual is distinct from another ‘As thing-initself he is the will which appears in everything, and death destroys the illusion which separates his consciousness from that of the rest: this is afterlife or immortality’ (WWI 282) Morality is a matter of the training of character; but what this consists in can only be understood, according to Schopenhauer, if we accept Kant’s A portrait photograph of Schopenhauer taken about 1850 229