Index children 190–192, 191f, 198–199 cities 210–214, 211f climate and geography 244–247 clothing and footwear 275–277, 276f crafts 288–289 crime and punishment 299–300, 305–306 death and burial practices 314–316, 324–325 drama and theater 330– 331, 331f economy 350–355, 351f education 378–380, 379f empires and dynasties 396–401, 400f, 423 employment and labor 427–428 exploration 438–440 family 450–451, 451f, 458–459 festivals 464–465 food and diet 475–476 foreigners and barbarians 485–486, 486f gender structures and roles 496–497, 504 government organization 514–519, 516m health and disease 548– 549, 556–558 household goods 563–564 hunting, fishing, and gathering 575–576, 575f illumination 586–587, 586f inventions 596–597, 597f language 612–613 laws and legal codes 624– 625, 633–635 literature 647–649, 669–671 metallurgy 680–681 migration and population movements 698–702 military 728–730 mining, quarrying, and salt making 744–745 money and coinage 754–756 music and musical instruments 765–766 natural disasters 777–778, 785 numbers and counting 800–801 occupations 810–811 pandemics and epidemics 822–823 religion and cosmology 840–844, 867 resistance and dissent 872–873 roads and bridges 885–886 sacred sites 900–901 scandals and corruption 911–912 science 929–932 seafaring and navigation 954–955 settlement patterns 966–967 ships and shipbuilding 977–978 slaves and slavery 987– 988, 995–996 social collapse and abandonment 1001–1002 social organization 1018– 1023 sports and recreation 1050–1051 storage and preservation 1064–1065 textiles and needlework 1077–1078 towns and villages 1088– 1089 trade and exchange 1098– 1100 transportation 1113–1115 war and conquest 1130– 1134, 1136, 1158–1159 weaponry and armor 1164–1165 weights and measures 1175–1176 writing 1185–1187 Middle Kingdom (Egypt) adornment art 94 borders and frontiers 142 children 189 cities 206 climate and geography 239–240 clothing and footwear 274 crafts 286–287 death and burial practices 313 economy 350 empires and dynasties 391, 393 festivals 464 foreigners and barbarians 485 gender structures and roles 495 government organization 512–513 Hathor Temple 22 hunting, fishing, and gathering 574 illumination 585 literature 645–646 migration and population movements 696 military 726 music and musical instruments 764 natural disasters 776 nomadic and pastoral societies 788 religion and cosmology 837 seafaring and navigation 953 ships and shipbuilding 976 social collapse and abandonment 1000 towns and villages 1088 war and conquest 1128 Middle Neolithic Age 316–317 Middle Preclassic Period (Americas) art 119–120 social organization 1042 Middle Stone Age 359, 360 Midsummer’s Day 467 midwives 815 migration and population movements 688–725 Africa 689–693 Americas 719–722, 719f Asia and the Pacific 702– 707, 706m climate and geography 238 Egypt 693–698, 694f Europe 707–710, 723 exploration 435 Greece 710–715, 723–724 hunting, fishing, and gathering 576 Middle East 698–702 nomadic and pastoral societies 794, 795 Rome 715–719 Mijikenda people 899 mile (unit of measure) 1180 milestone marker 1190f military 725–740 See also war and conquest Africa 725–726 Americas 735–736 Asia and the Pacific 730– 731, 737–738 Egypt 726–728 empires and dynasties 420 employment and labor 430 Europe 731–732 Greece 732–734, 733f, 738–739 Middle East 728–730, 728f occupations 809 Rome 734–735, 735f, 739–740 social organization 1036 military bases 1094 military colonies 440 military equipment 117 military signaling 591 military training 380 Milky Way 132 millet agriculture 18, 19, 30, 31 economy 355 1265 food and diet 476 hunting, fishing, and gathering 573 Mills, William 322 milpa 605 Milvian Bridge, Battle of 417 mimes 337 Min 464 minas 365 minerals 746, 750–751 mining, quarrying, and salt making 741–751 Africa 741–742 Americas 750–751 Asia and the Pacific 745–746 economy 344–345, 353, 361, 362 Egypt 742–744, 743f empires and dynasties 389 Europe 746–747 Greece 747–749 Middle East 744–745, 744f occupations 814 Rome 749–750, 749f science 949 Minoan Period adornment 12 architecture 74 art 110 climate and geography 257 empires and dynasties 410 gender structures and roles 500 natural disasters 775 religion and cosmology 853 sacred sites 904 textiles and needlework 1081 mints 752, 756, 757, 759–761 mirrors 562, 566 Mississippi River 265 mistletoe 551 Mithraism 853, 861 Mnester 337 Moche culture art 122 borders and frontiers 149 building techniques and materials 162 ceramics and pottery 186 children 198 cities 233 crafts 295 economy 375 education 386 empires and dynasties 422 employment and labor 435 family 457 gender structures and roles 504 inventions 603 resistance and dissent 882 war and conquest 1155 weaponry and armor 1172