1252 Index festivals (continued) Americas 470–472, 471f Asia and the Pacific 466 drama and theater 329– 331, 335 Egypt 463–464 Europe 467–468 Greece 468–469 Middle East 464–465 religion and cosmology 840, 853 Rome 469–470, 469f fetiales 861 feudalism economy 356 empires and dynasties 421 employment and labor 429 social organization 1037 feuds 1028 fiber 121 fibula (broach) 118 fiction 646–647 fiddles 767 field labor 812 fields, raised 47 Fift h Dynasty (Egypt) death and burial practices 314 economy 347 empires and dynasties 392 exploration 437 literature 643 seafaring and navigation 953 58 Holes, game of 1050f fi lial piety 452 financial services 366 fines crime and punishment 302 economy 368 laws and legal codes 627, 628 fingers 798 Finno-Ugric languages 617 fire illumination 583, 587, 588, 590, 592 inventions 593, 594 natural disasters 778, 782 science 922, 923 fire worship 901 First Dark Age 238 First Dynasty (Egypt) cities 206 crafts 286 festivals 464 government organization 512 occupations 809 ships and shipbuilding 976 First Dynasty of Babylon 397 First Intermediate Period (Egypt) cities 204 climate and geography 239 empires and dynasties 393 foreigners and barbarians 485 literature 645 social collapse and abandonment 1000 war and conquest 1128 First Jewish Revolt 486 First Punic War economy 367 empires and dynasties 389, 390, 408 government organization 509 ships and shipbuilding 982 war and conquest 1151– 1152 First Sacred War 826 First Triumvirate empires and dynasties 415 scandals and corruption 916, 917 fish food and diet 473, 476, 479, 481 hunting, fishing, and gathering 571, 573, 575 storage and preservation 1063–1065, 1068 fishhooks 576 fishing See also hunting, fishing, and gathering economy 374 hunting, fishing, and gathering 574–575, 579, 580 occupations 813, 817 ships and shipbuilding 974 Five Hu 791 flamen dialis 197 flamens 858–859 Flavian Dynasty 415 flax agriculture 21, 25 textiles and needlework 1075, 1077, 1080, 1082 fleas 548 flint illumination 589 mining, quarrying, and salt making 746 flood agriculture 28, 29 climate and geography 234, 239, 240, 244–245, 247 natural disasters 778, 780 pandemics and epidemics 824 religion and cosmology 844 settlement patterns 964 floodplain agriculture 20–21 climate and geography 240 flowers See horticulture fluid 1174 flute 762–763, 767f, 768 folktales children 193 literature 639 Folsom people 720 food and diet 472–482 Africa 472–474, 473f Americas 481–482 Asia and the Pacific 476–477 Egypt 474–475 Europe 477–479, 478f Greece 479–480, 480f Middle East 475–476 Rome 480–481 food preparation 477 food preservation 594 foot (measurement) 1173, 1179, 1180 footpaths 884–886, 889 footraces 1054, 1057–1058 foot travel 1111, 1112, 1115– 1118, 1120 footwear See clothing and footwear foraging 572, 573, 582 forced labor 351–353, 372–373 Fordicidia people 795 foreigners and barbarians 483–492 Africa 483–484 Americas 490–491 Asia and the Pacific 486–487 Egypt 484–485 Europe 487–488 Greece 488–489 Middle East 485–486, 486f Rome 489–490 foreign trade See trade and exchange forests climate and geography 255 sacred sites 903 Formative Period (Americas) ceramics and pottery 186 crafts 295 writing 1192 fortifications military 736 towns and villages 1089 war and conquest 1131 fortresses 726 fortress settlements borders and frontiers 140– 142, 144, 145, 147–149 building techniques and materials 158 cities 208, 210 military 732 settlement patterns 969–970 forts borders and frontiers 148 migration and population movements 696 military 727–728 roads and bridges 884 Forum (Rome) cities 227 employment and labor 433 Forum Boarium 1105 forums architecture 79 cities 227–228 foundation rituals 840 foundling 187 fountains 228 Fourth Dynasty (Egypt) art 96 cities 207 government organization 512 hunting, fishing, and gathering 574–575 migration and population movements 694 trade and exchange 1097 foxtail millet 31 fractions 800 Franchthi Cave economy 360 ships and shipbuilding 980 freedmen economy 364 slaves and slavery 993 social organization 1028, 1038–1039 freedom slaves and slavery 992 social organization 1031 freedom of speech 878, 879 free market 341 freezing 1062, 1070 frescoes art 115–116 building techniques and materials 158, 161 friezes art 98, 100, 111–112 war and conquest 1127f fringes 1076–1077 frontiers See borders and frontiers fruits agriculture 21, 30, 42 food and diet 474, 480 fudirs 990, 991 fuels 585, 587, 588 Fulani people 786 fullers occupations 817 textiles and needlework 1082 Funan Empire building techniques and materials 156 empires and dynasties 405 foreigners and barbarians 487 government organization 523