INDEX Shoemaker, Sydney 93, 130, 140, 187 Simon, Herbert 284, 296n1 singularity, technological 305 – 310 Skinner, B F 2 – 3, 53 – 54, 83, 285 Smart, J.J.C 58, 60, 88 – 89, 109, 186, 194n6 software 284 – 286 spatiality 191 split-brain subjects 5, 7, 13 Sprigge, T.L.S 90 Stein, Edith 26 Stout, G F 80 – 81, 96 Strawson, P F 167, 225, 228n56, 264 structuralism 12, 112 – 115, 160, 162, 285 superficial functional isomorph (SFI) 313 superintelligent artificial intelligence (SAI) 305, 314 technological singularity 305 – 310 Tegmark, Max 305 Thomasson, Amie 29 Thompson, Evan 274 Thorndike, Edward 83 thought: consciousness and 79 – 83; in Wittgenstein 245 – 248; see also cognition; consciousness thought experiments 306; see also Chinese Room; Twin Earth Titchener, Edward B 82 – 83, 88, 112, 148, 159 – 163, 285 Tolman, E C 83, 86, 89 TOTE unit 289 – 290 transparency 32, 168 – 170, 202, 224 – 225, 228n56 Turing, Alan 7 – 9, 267, 281, 283 – 286, 296n3 Turing test 7 – 9, 285 Twardowski, Kazimierz 210 – 213, 227n24 Twin Earth 259, 262, 269 two-dimensional views 262 – 263 Tye, Michael 93, 168 type physicalism 63, 66; see also identity theory understanding: in Wittgenstein 241 – 245; see also cognition verificationism 54 – 55, 239 Vienna Circle 85 Vienna school 28 volition 249; see also will voluntary action: in Wittgenstein 248 – 251; see also action Ward, James 83 Watson, John 2, 53 – 54, 83 – 84, 194n3 Weaver, Warren 290 – 292 Wernicke, Carl Wertheimer, Max 12, 113 – 114, 163 what-externalism 273 Whitby, Blay 9, 19n8 whole brain emulation 310 – 312 Wiener, Norbert 18, 281, 288 – 290, 296n3 Wiggins, David 131 will: emergence and 41; in Libet 40; reasons and 181; in Wittgenstein 248 – 251 Williams, Bernard 131 Williamson, Timothy 258, 275 Wilson, Margaret 273, 275 Wilson, Robert 271 Wittgenstein, Ludwig: agency in 250 – 251; anomalism and 184; behaviorism and 29, 54 – 56, 84 – 85, 88; Cartesian framework and 178; conception of philosophy by 233 – 234; and conceptual analysis 251 – 252; and dual explanation solutions 186; dualism and 235; functionalism and 251 – 253; influence of 251 – 253; and inner-object model 234 – 235, 249 – 250; instantaneous experience of complex contents in 241 – 245; meaning in 241 – 245; and no-criterion argument 239, 253n3; and other minds 235 – 240; pain in 61, 236 – 237, 240; referentialism and 234; sensations and 235 – 240; thinking in 245 – 248; Turing and 9; understanding in 241 – 245; voluntary action in 248 – 251; will in 248 – 251 Wundt, Wilhelm 80, 112, 148, 159 – 160, 164, 171nn11,14, 194n3, 285 zombie argument 71 – 72, 92, 306 326