ILLUSTRATIONS Page Bentham’s plan for a perfect prison, the Panopticon Time Life Pictures/Getty Images 10 Harriet Taylor National Portrait Gallery, London 19 A posthumous drawing of Kierkegaard, by Vilhelm Marstrand akg-images 32 Salome´, Re´e, and Nietzsche akg-images 36 C.S Peirce with his second wife Juliette Preston Tuttle Collection, Institute for Studies in Pragmaticism, Texas Tech University – by permission of Philosophy Department, Harvard University 49 The hall of Trinity College Cambridge Wim Swaan Photographic Collection Research Library, The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California (96.P.21) 61 A.J Ayer Suzanne Bernard/Camera Press, London 73 Gilbert Ryle’s conference, Christ Church Oxford c 1970 84 Martin Heidegger akg-images 95 Jacques Derrida Steve Pyke/Getty Images 102 Lady Glencora Palliser The Syndics of Cambridge University Library, from Anthony Trollope ‘Phineas Finn’ 1869, W.18.10 108 Frege’s symbolism