Practise your tenses

Practise your Tenses Donald Adamson ~1Il~ L ongman= III III III Contents Forms expressing the present Simple present: positive statements and questions Simple present: mixed positive and negative statements and questions Present progressive: positive and negative statements Present progressive: positive and negative questions with answers Mixed present simple and progressive forms Forms expressing the past Simple past: positive statements and questions Simple past: negative questions and statements Simple past: mixed forms (positive and negative statements/questions) Past progressive: positive and negative statements/questions 10 Past progressive and simple past 11 Present perfect: questions and statements; some expressions of frequency 12 Present perfect: positive and negative forms; use withfor and since 13 Present perfect: mixed simple forms, including negative questions 14 Present perfect progressive: questions and statements; negative statements 15 Present perfect: mixed simple and progressive forms 16 Present perfect and simple past 17 Past perfect: positive and negative statements and questions 18 Past perfect progressive: positive and negative statements 19 Past perfect: mixed simple and progressive forms 20 Mixed past and perfect forms: statements about the past 21 Mixed past and perfect forms: statements and questions about the past Forms expressing the future 22 Future with will and shall 23 Questions with shall for offers, suggestions; requests for suggestions and advice 24 Future with will and shall: mixed questions and statements 25 Future with going to 26 Mixed will/shall and going to forms 27 Future expressed by present progressive: contrast with will and going to future 28 Future expressed by simple present 29 Future progressive with will + ing 30 Future progressive: contrasted with will future, going to future and present progressive 31 Future perfect: contrasted with future progressive 32 Mixed forms expressing the future 47 48 49 Tenses in complex sentences 33 Reported statements 34 Reported questions and answers 35 Tenses with time clauses 36 lfwith situations which are real possibilities 37 lfwith situations which are unlikely or unreal 38 lfwith situations which were possible in the past, but did not occur 39 Mixed conditional and time clauses 51 53 55 56 57 59 60 Irregular verbs 61 35 37 38 39 42 43 44 45 Introduction Practise your Tenses is a workbook in the Practise your eries which is designed to give students practice in particular areas of English The main features are these: - Practice is contextualised to make it easier to see the meanings which determine the choice of a particular form - Practice is varied There is a mix of exercise types There is also a mix of exercises focussing on form alone with exercises on the factors which lie behind the use of one form rather than another - As far as logical grouping of the content allows, practice is graded from straightforward practice with easily-stated rules, to language uses which are more complex and require more subtle generalisations The material is designed to be suitable both for students working on their own or for classroom use A few exercises of a more open-ended nature are included to allow students to personalise the language studied For these it will be helpful to consult a teacher, or other students But the material does not need a teacher to be present all the time Many students will find sufficient guidance in the explanations and tables before the exercises, and the possibilities set out by the Answer Key The workbook sets out to cover the areas of the tense system which are most important for the learner, briefly, and without too much complication There are bound to be omissions, but these are either not considered central to tense at this level, or else are covered in other workbooks in the series For example, the present workbook does not set out to cover tense in a wide range of modal or tag forms, since these areas are dealt with elsewhere Similarly, the passive is not dealt with as a topic, though some passives are included in the form of be with past participle The explanations of tenses give some hints on the use of contracted ('short') and uncontracted ('long') forms In general, the policy has been to give contracted forms - which are used mainly in conversation and informal writing - as the main forms, since they are likely to be of more general use to the learner The workbook is intended for adults and young adults, at levels from lower-intermediate to intermediate It can be used on its own, or as supplementary material to any structural or notional syllabus It is hoped that the content of the workbook will be found enjoyable as well as useful The author and the publishers welcome comments from users rT Simple present: positive statements and questions The simple present is used to describe habits and routines, a series of happenings (as in a football commentary), and opinions and feelings eat wash hurry play have etc I You We They He She It eats washes hurries plays does has etc Do I you we they eat? wash? hurry? play? do? have? etc Does he she it come go eat? wash? hurry? play? do? have? etc Madame Clara is a magician She is assisted on stage by her IIhusband, Henri Today she is telling a theatre manager about her act Fill in the sentences below using the verbs given for each picture Note that the verbs are not in the correct order begin fly I usually myself I _2 grow join say b~_i.n _ _ some magic words A bird put Then Henri me on the stage He into a box I knives out of an empty cage, and a flower through the box, but he always _4 in an empty pot alive! ~~.~/ _8 ~~·-I :>I~~~~~~ f)~".~ o~f~p ~ ~f~~~~""" 1"'/ choose cover turn applaud omeone from the audience tell _9 catch _ "'1,~1I7/' disappear HenriandI 1_4 • All , • throw _ my back, and Henri my eyes I _12 n what the card is Everyone in the _ _15 them! They in clouds of smoke! out !Leigh try rise clap _ man from the audience - : a piano He cannot, for it _17 _18 _ my hands, and the ;liano _2_0 into the air! -= e theatre manager is very interested to orchestra _23 _ Then a grey mist a mysterious tune _4 _ us, and we in the act, and he wants to -=- d out everything about it Write down the questions he asks, ::.-IDg the words given below Howlthe bird/fly/out of the cage? (J'W dOe1 the biKet' ilY OlAt of the cag_e_? _ Simple present: mixed positive and negative statements and questions Don't eat? wash? hurry? etc you we they Doesn't he she it I You We They don't not He She It doesn't does not eat wash hurry etc Negative questions with Why ? can ask for information or make suggestions: Why don't you like her? (asks for information) Why don 't you come and see us? (makes a suggestion) D meeting The teachers at the Express School of English are having a staff They are discussing some everyday problems of classes and students Complete the sentences as in the examples Use the verbs in brackets, in the negative form where necessary clOe6n't (;\0 Abdullah (ldo) Why ~Oe1tit VIe It Because he only eneed) I (4use) Why l1eeM the computer with my group ? Because the programmes for it (6seem) SUE: Lucia and Leif Cfind) DIRECTOR: Why SUE: They (9think) GARETH: Gustav and I eOget on) LUCINDA: Oh? Why GARETH: The problem is, we (12share) the work interesting ? opinions 11 ? / the same political Why 14 _ e5g0) Because she The reading textbook e6suit) group I!I DIRECTOR: Why 17 _ LUCINDA: Julio and Sergio (19 like) MARY: Why 20 LUCINDA: Oh, it's because they CZ1disagree) ? Fill in the blanks in the conversation of the words given in brackets I1_cvte _ I ehate) below, using the correct form spending the whole of the weekend at home Let's go out Where CZyou want) to go? Why enot we go) to the film club? Most weekends it (4show) I (5not feel) (6say) _ Cknow) that Abe Clampit, the jazz pianist, is giving a concert tonight I _ you (8Iike) jazz Why (9nat we go) To be honest, his playing eOnot appeal) Well, why (llnot you go) to the film on your own? It to me if I (13stay) (12not matter) at home and watch TV for once TOM: We could go and see your sister, if you e41ike) LUCY: That's a good idea She's lonely where she (15live) e6stay) e 7not go) (18not get out) We haven't seen her for ages now She at home all the time The buses to that part of town, and she at all Make suggestions to your partner using the forms: Why don't we ? or Why don't you ? Give a reason for your suggestion Your partner agrees or disagrees with the suggestion, and gives a reason W Present progressive: positive and negative statements The present progressive is used to talk about events which are taking place at the moment of speaking (For the use of the present progressive to talk about the future, see page 43.) I'm You're We're They're He's She's reading lying making hitting hurrying In formal, especially formal written language, long forms are used: I am, you are, we are, they are, he is, she is, it is etc It's I'm not reading You We They aren't He She It isn't etc In formal language, the long forms I am not, you are not, etc are used I'm not (reading, etc.) is the only short form that can be used with We can also use this type of short form with other persons: you're not reading, he's not reading, etc This emphasises not and makes the negative idea stronger I'm a director at Merlin Books One of our books has just sold a million copies, so some of us are having a party, and others are just relaxing II Complete the sentences below using the words in brackets Use negative forms where necessary Doris the secretary (type, dance) Harry the doorman (sleep, stand) ~ Me~Wtg_ in a chair _ Dave and Len, the repair men (repair, listen) They the radio The company cat (sit, catch) The switchboard operator (answer, let) The telex machine (print, get) The directors (cut, make) I (eat, try) Not everyone who is listening to the speech agrees with it Write sentences as in the example She ~4 Badl~ ~ ciamaged the COlAntr~ - blAt ne hCN:nit -., 10 I!I What does the ambassador from Atlantica report.back government? Write sentences as in the example to his Sne Mid that BCAdle!::j had da m~gedthe cauntr0_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 _ ~ Reported questions and answers For reported questions, tense changes after He asked, I wondered, etc are the same as for reported statements 'Do they want to buy it?' 'Have you seen my book?' 'Did she it?' 'Willhe arrive in time?' '~at they want to buy?' 'Wlpichbook have you seen?' 'Who did it?' 'When will he arrive?' I asked She wondered He wanted to know etc t if whether they wanted to buy it he had seen her book she had done it he would arrive in time what they wanted to buy which book he had seen who had done it or who did it when he would arrive Note how the word order of questions changes when they become reported questions II After taking part in a big bank robbery, Donald Boggs escaped abroad, to places where the British police couldn't get him Now he is living in San Bernardo Ted Slant, a British journalist, has come to interview him Write reports from the interview as in the example wnat ~yt ~e Mad J2Lal1ed in the robber!1 I asked him SLANT: BOGGS: SLANT: BOGGS: What part did you play in the robbery? I drove the car for the getaway How long have you been living in San Bernardo? I've been here for six years I was living in San Pedro before, but the police there threw m.eout SLANT: BOGGS: SLANT: BOGGS: SLANT: BOGGS: Are you happy in San Bernardo? No, I'm not I don't speak the language Willyou ever go back to Britain? I won't go back until the police drop the case against me - and they'll never that What you miss most about Britain? I miss the pubs and the football But it's worst at Christmas I always feel miserable then ,because in prison ~ Tenses with time clauses Future Present or Present perfect I'll start the work when I won't start the work until you pay me you've paid me The present perfect suggests an interval of time between payment and starting the work Simple past Simple past I started the work as soon as when after he paid me Simple past Past perfect I started the work he had paid me Present perfect Simple past I've lived in Newtown I moved there in 1985 The past perfect suggests an interval of time between payment and starting the work II Tom Jones is a gardener at Moxley Hall He is talking about his life, past and future Write sentences from the ideas given Put the time words in brackets at the correct place in the sentence Change the verbs to a suitable tense my father (teach) me gardening - I (be) a boy (when) .Mlj fttttter- talAght me garcienWig whe¥t I WM a bQ11 _ the offer of a job at Moxley (come) - I (join) the army (ajter)But _ I (not start) at Moxley - I (leave) the army (until) So I (start) - I (know) I would like it here (as soon as) I (be) here - I (start) the job in 1961 (since) the head gardener (retire) next year - I (become) head gardener in his place (when) I (get) a rise in my wages - I (be) head gardener (as soon 0-$) _ @§] If with situations which are real possibilities An if-clause of this type is sometimes known as the 'first conditional' Present Present or Future If water is heated to 100°C it boils itwiU boiL If a baby it usually starts it wiU usually start is hungry, An if-clause can be used in stating general rules or laws to cry II Ann and Celia are writers for television They are discussing how to continue a 'soap opera' (a story which goes on week after week) Underline the correct choices in the dialogue below Sometimes both choices are correct Note that = 'no word at all' CELIA: ANN: CELIA: ANN: CELIA: The problem is, lif/!/J Margaret 2wiU marry/marries Henry, 3if/!/} our viewers 4don't/won't like it Why not? Well, He~ry's so lazy As I see it, 5if/!/} a person 6is/wiU be energetic, like Margaret, 7if/!/} she 8isn't/won't be the right kind of person for someone like Henry Maybe you're right But often 9if/!/} people lOare/wiU be attracted to each other llif/!/} they 12are/wiU be different from each other OK I've got an idea: 13iff0 people 14always get/will always get interested 15if/!/} there 16is/wiU be some character they really dislike Right? So let's make Henry really unpleasant Then 17if/!/} it 18looks/willlook as if Margaret is going to marry Henry, 19if/!/} people 2o.teel/willjeel sorry for her And of course, 21if/!/} everyone 22is/wiU be happy 23if/!/} we 24save/'ll save her from Henry at the last moment @7] Ifwith situations which are unlikely or vnreal An if clause of this type is sometimes known as the 'second conditional' Past 'Would' If she went to work in France she 2would learn French very quickly (these things are unlikely to happen) If I 3were younger I would apply for the job am not younger, so these are not real possibilities) o 'Would' Past They would be very angry if they found out (these things are unlikely to happen) /' I would take his remarks seriously if I didn't know him so well (but I know him, so these are not real possibilities.) With this type of if-clause, the 'past' form is usually the simple past, but could also be past progressive: If you were living in France, you would have togo to school there Would can occur as 'd informally Note that If I/he/she/it were is still considered more correct than If I/he/she/it was in formal writing But If I1he/she/it was is widely used II Millford Football Club isn't doing very well The manager is dreaming of things that are unlikely to happen, or are not real possibilities Write down what he thinks, according to the information given below Decide whether the if-clause should go in the first or the second half of the sentence We pay higher wages If we RCifi,d ~~ner wageo We attract better players we wuuW C4ttr~di better" Qlal1er~ LEAGUE TABLE Played WonlLostlDrewl Pts MILLFORD 10 I 28 10 l.IVERPOOL 11 17 I 10 TEAM ~\l~O I am sensible !l ' @§l If with situations which were possible in the past, but did not occur Would have and wouldn't Past perfect 'Wouldhave' If I had seen her I would have spoken to her (but I didn't see her, and I didn't speak to her) have are the same for all persons: I would have helped her She would have done it They wouldn't have known e 'Wouldhave' Past perfect She wouldn't have succeeded if she hadn't worked hard (but she did succeed, and she did work hard) Would have can occur as 'd hal informally II The Principal of the Express School of English is thinking about his life, and the conditions that led him to things What does he say to himself? Write sentences with an if-clause (I started the school after the bank lent me £50, 000 ) If the bank 1.50) 000 WU\liLdn't ~GWe netdn't lerJt me 6tarted the school (I continued because the school was a success.) I if the school a success (We won the Pacijica University contract, so we didn't have money problems ) If "Ve the Pacifica University contract, we money problems (I didn't retire, so we didn't go to live in Italy.) If I - _ to live in Italy (We didn't build another language lab because there weren't enough students.) We (We didn't move to a better building because the rent jar this building _ to a better building if the rent for this a friendly atmosphere _ was so low.) We Tell your neighbour about events or decisions which made a difference to your life Use ifwith the past perfect tense _ ~ Mixed conditional and time clauses II Two scouts, Alan and Bob, are sheltering from a storm They are discussing what has happened, and what to now Complete the conversation with a suitable form of the verb in brackets 'LA carr~_OYI BOB: Yes But if I CSknow) (4never set out) ALAN: Well, it's a bit brighter now If it (5stop) back at the camp by sunset BOB: I suppose things could be worse Do you remember the hill-walk last year? We Chave to) turn back almost as soon as we (8start) , when Charlie Dickson (9break) his ankle ALAN: That's right And that was after we eOspend) the walk BOB: Still, we were lucky that the accident happened so soon after we (llset out) If it eZhappen) _ ALAN: later, we e3have to) carry Charlie for miles Welljust at this moment, I couldn't carry anybody If a helicopter (l4come) over the top of that hill, I (15wave) to the pilot for a lift BOB: There isn't much chance of that Anyway, my problem is my feet They're killing me! I e6put) some ointment on them if I (17have) any But I forgot to pack it ALAN: Me too But the rain's stopped, so let's go Just think! When we eSget) a good, hot meal at the camp tonight, we (l9te) that we came Irregular verbs ( ed) means that the regular form in ed is an alternative to the irregular form Base arise awake bear" beat become begin bend bet bind bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast build burn burst buy cast catch choose cling come cost creep cut deal dig draw dream Past simple arose awoke bore beat became began bent bet bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built burntJburned burst bought cast caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug did drew dreamt/dreamed drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find flee fly forbid forecast forget forgive freeze get give go grow hang hear hide hit hold hurt keep kneel knit know lay lead lean leap learn leave lend let drank drive ate fell fed felt fought found fled flew forbade forecast forgot forgave froze got gave went grew heard hid hit held hurt kept kneltJkneeled knit knew laid led leantJIeaned leaptJIeaped learntJIearned left lent 'let Past perfect have arisen have awoken have borne have beaten have become have begun have bent have bet have bound have bitten have bled have blown have broken have bred have brought have broadcast have built have burntJburned have burst have bought have cast have caught have chosen have clung have come have cost have crept have cut have dealt have dug have done have drawn have dreamt/ dreamed have drunk have driven have eaten have fallen have fed have felt have fought have found have fled have flown have forbidden have forecast have forgotten have forgiven have frozen have got have given have gone have grown have have heard have hid/hidden have hit have held have hurt have kept have kneltJkneeled have knit (ted) have known have laid have led haveleantJIeaned have leaptJIeaped have leamtJIeamed have left have lent have let Base lie light lose make mean meet pay put read ride ring rise run saw say see seek sell send set sew shake shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep smell sow speak speed spend spin spit split spoil spread spring stand steal stick sting stink strike swear sweep swim swing take teach tear tell think throw thrust understand wake wear weep win wind withdraw write Past simple lay litJlighted lost made meant met paid put read rode rang rose ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook shone shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept smelt/smelled sowed spoke sped spent spun spat split spoilt/spoiled spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stank struck swore swept swam swung took taught tore told thought threw thrust understood woke wore wept won wound withdrew wrote Past perfect have lain have litJlighted have lost have made have meant have met have paid have put have read have ridden have rung have risen have run have sawn (ed) have said have seen have sought have sold have sent have set have sewn (ed) have shaken have shone have shot have shown have shrunk have shut have sung have sunk have sat have slept have smelt/smelled have sown/sowed have spoken have sped have spent have spun have spat have split have spoilt/spoiled have spread have sprung have stood have stolen have stuck have stung have stunk have struck have sworn have swept have swum have swung have taken have taught have torn have told have thought have thrown have thrust have understood have woken have worn have wept have won have wound have withdrawn have written "bear is often used in the passive, with a different past participle, e.g.I was born in 1980 61 Answer key ill] Present progressive (pages 8-9) • drive? Where did he see the car? What did it strike? Howmuch damage did it cause? How long did it take (them)? isn't typing She's dancing 's sleeping He isn't standing f'7l aren't repairing They're listening L1J Simple past (page 16) f1l 's sitting It isn't catching L1J Simple present (pages 4-5) isn'tan~w~ring".,She'sletting • ANN: The plane didn't leave until • begin say flies grows ~sn'tPJ1!lting It s get~ 11.30- four hours late joins goes put comes ,re cutting Th~y are~ t making DICK: Didn't they say why it was late? chooses 10 turn 11 covers m not eatmg 1m trymg AN"N: No, they didn't And then 12 tell 13 appla'!ds 14 throw Present progressive someone w~ s~ppo.sedto meet 15 catches 16 disappear 17 tries (pages 10-11) us But he dldntamve Or 18 weighs 19 clap 20 rises perhaps he'd come earlier and 21 finishes 22 flashes 23 plays • are you standing aren't you gone away again 24 hides 25 vanish helping aren't doing Susie's DICK: Perhaps he didn't know about doing is Terry taking isn't he the plane being late How does the bird fly out of the taking He's taking They're ANN: Maybe.Anyway,when we finally cage? 2' HoVfdoes Henri escape using Aren't you frying 10 are got to the hotel, the hotel didn't from the box? )3" Ijow the balls they burning/aren't they burning want to give us rooms They disappear? 4, I!0W does the piano 11 I'm making 12 am I doing didn't have a record of our rise into the air?.5 How you 13 am 1not lying/aren't I lying reservation the trick with the Cards?' How 14 You'rehelping DICK: Didn't the travel company send you make the grey mist? How f5l the hotel a list of names? you and Henri vanish at the end? ~ MIXedpresent simple and A"lN: Apparently not Still they let us How.longdoes your act last? progressive forms stay in the end rn II []] Simple present (pages 6-7) (pages 12-13) • you come from no change I don't live no change Don't they make!Do they make is paying Mycompany doesn't send I'm fOl paying are you taking 10 I'm &1 not doing 11 I'm trying 12 there doesn't seem 13 I'm improving • 14 you know 15 the schoolis organising 16 I don't know 17 'no change 18 don't we meet Abdullah doesn't do'all the written • work Whydoesn't he it? Because he only needs spoken English in his job I don't use the computer with my group Why don't you use it? Because the programmes for it don't seem very useful Lucia and Lei!don't find the work interesting Whydon't they find it interesting? They think the level is too low for them 10 Gustav and I don't get on well 11 Oh? Why don't you get on? 12 The problem is, we don't share the same political opinions 13 Fatma doesn't come to the class before lunch on Friday mornings 14 Whydoesn't she come? 15 Because she goes to the mosque then 16 The reading textbook doesn't suit the students in my group 17 Whydoesn't it suit them? 18Itdoesn'tgivethemthe • kind of practice they need 19 Julio and Sergio don't like each other 20 Whydon~ they like each other? 21 Oh,it's because they disagree about almost everything II you're doing []J • hate you want don't we go shows don't feel says know like dOI1't" we go 10 doesn't appeal 11 don't you go 12 doesn't matter 13 stay 14 like 15 lives 16 stays 17 don'tgo 18 doesn't get out Example A; B: Why don't we go swimming? It's a nice day No,I don't want to go swimming today I've got a bad cold etc DICK: i!~~w::Jck~ud~~,~t:~:: A"lN: well Well,a lot of things happened that I didn't expect as Simple past (page 17) no change The mist didn't cover didn't you get back no change You'didn't have to we didn't take Youdidn't take didn't you check no change 10 no change 11 didn't you have 12 no change 13 Didn't you take 14 no change 15 he didn't know 16 no change makes I read 4·yousee aredying makes Doesn't it make feel you say 10 helps 11 are living 12 don't want 13 are suffering []] Past progressive 14 don't see 15 I'm saying 16 don't need 17 Ilook 18 I (pages 18-19) help • the girl was trying she wasn't Simple past (pages 14 -15) trying They were riding he was chasing were they doing (Report1) Were they climbing Weren't swam fell caught they climbing were making broUght revived was working 10 He wasn't (Report 2) working 11 He was planning· won taUght found 12 wasn't he aiming 13 He was thrust 10 blew 11 held on shooting 14 He was hoping 15 I 12 shot 13 went on wasn't watching 16 weren't you (Report 3) watching 17 you weren't watching 14 stopped 15 discovered 18 you were snoring 16 learned 17 saw 18 said 19 had 20 put 21 drove Past progressive and simple 22 thoUght past (pages 20-21) (Report 4) 23 struck 24 started • While Dell fans were entering the 25 destroyed 26 caused 27 took ground, a group of Lee fans arrived Several of our men received injuries Howfar did she swim? Where while we were trying to keep the did she bring him? How did she groups of fans apart Weheld! revive him? How long did they were holding our ground well until a hold on? When did he learn to group of Dell fans broke throUgh our [Ql II ip1 lines (; When the two groups met, joined the club Bob and I agreed to do? What had the letter viole.nt fighting br?ke out (no past have played squash every Friday come with? Where had you spent contmuous WItheIther verb) night since the squash court a wonderful holiday? What had it While I was attempting to arrest opened won? one hooligan a brick struck me on the rp>1 fJ.Ol head Several shopkeepers ~ Present perfect (page 25) ~ Past perfect progressive complained to us because the fans • (a 31) were causingl~he fans caused a lot of hasn't it arrived no change • p ge damage While all this was going they haven't had Haven't I told had been working had been on outside, fans were throwing/fans no change I haven't had giving away had not been threw stones inside the ground The cleaner hasn't emptied no cooperating had been having The situation was becominglThe change she hasn't told 10 no had been listening had not situation became serious, so we change 11 haven't you forgotten been receiving had not been radioed for extra men However 12 no change 13 you haven't put getting had been feeding had while we were waiting/we waited fo~ 14 no change been sending 10' had not been extra men the situation became calm ffAl P t f carrying out ~ Present perfect (pages 22-23) • Marie, have you ever ridden a horse? Me? Oh no, I've never ridden a horse Pierre, have you ever ridden a horse? Yes,I've ridden a horse a few times ~~~~? has Marie ever sung in ~ resen per ect progressIve rpil (page 26)' ~ Past perfect (page 32) • I've been looking someonehas • been using Have you been doing I haven't been using I've been eating Have they been entertaining Vera has been discussing she hasn't been cooking she's been staying 10 we've been spending 11 Prices have been going up [ill Present Yes, she's often sung in public • Marie, have you ever wanted to live in America? No, I've never wanted to live in America Marie, has Pierre ever wanted to live in America? Yes, he's always wanted to live in America Monsieur Leblanc, have Pierre and Marie ever forgotten your birthday? Yes, they've forgotten my birthday once or twice Marie, have you ever been to England? [§I Yes I've been to England Marie, have we ever met before! have r e,vermet you bef?re? • Yes~we ve met several t~es/ you,ve met me several times ?" Havel ~vermet Pierre before No, ve never m~t before/ you ve never met him before rou ~ Present perfect (page 24) • Sid.hasn't smoked for 18 years'Z Don has been a vegetarian since 1980 Liza has been interested in healthy eating for five years Sam hasn't drunk alcohol since his car accident I've run two kilometres every morning since 1985 Mary hasn't stayed up after midnight for two years Sue and Pam haven't taken useless medicines since they perfect (page 27) It.has been We have/'ve been hopmg haven't you written/have • you not written have always meant I have/'ve sent has been saving we have/'ve put has gone on has notlhasn't been enjoying (or enjoyed) 10 has had to 11 He hasfs had 12 has been coming 13 we have/'ve managed 14 Have you seen 15 he has/'s left 16 We have!'ve been getting 17 He has notlhasn't said 18 he hasihe's met 19 you have/'ve done Mixed past and per~ect forms (pag 33) e has become began was studying stood did not win had ever been elected/had elected/had been.electing just laughed got up 10 has shown 11 hasneverbeeri 12 hasfought/ been fighting 13 were continually writing/continually wrote 14 treated/were treating/had treated 15 had thrown them out/threw them out 16 always took/had/has always taken 17 interviewed 18 was planning 19 haslhad already persuaded 20 told P resent perfect and simple '2J:I past (page 28) Ie2:I Mixed past and perfect began continued were forms (page 34) took place have staged • (These are examples only; many have$.taged ;:7 became was;(jifferenlf~sw.ers.~re ~o~sible.) have taken part, 10 has ·llw¥ watchingteleVlSlonat the equalled II won 12 have seerr time Why haven't you done your 13 collapsed 14 came 15 helped homework? Didn't you come to 16 broke 17 participated the meeting?iWeren't you at the 18 havegrown 19 havegone meetmg? The reason was that my IT]Past pe.rfect (page,2?) • @g nochange Hadn't you tried it on no change I hadn't tried on I'd been making no change no change Had he been celebrating He'd been having· 10 he hadn't slept 11 no change 12 He'd been talking 13 Had his fathergiven/beengiving 14 no change ~,,~~~~i~~;~b;~~ :;~!~;~e;~ I r had climbed a mountain Theropehadn'tbroken My girlfriend had agreed to marry me A letter had come with good news about my exams r had spent a wonderful holiday in Wales My favourite team had won the football championship 11 What had you done? hadn't broken? What Whathadshe well recently I had beenwr;ttmg;; on.th~wallofmybedroom/making.a nOISem the class~oom r think It was because ~ctIca had taken some lan~ fr0:n Pacifica/had helped Pacifica s enenues DId:y~uexpect to P3;Ss(It)? Was sh~ dnvmg at the tIme?/ Who was drivmg the car? ;.it @gj Future with will and shall g] No, they aren't going to reach the bananas The stick is too short/the bananas are too high Are they going to find the treasure? Yes,they are going to find the • treasure They can use a helicopter/ climb over the walls, etc 00 No, they aren't going to find the ~ treasure There's no way to itlEvery path is blocked, etc Is she going to rescue the man in the water? h Yes, she's going to rescue ternan in the water She has a long rope No she isn't going to rescue the m~ in the water The rope is going (page 35) Promises will won't 11 won't 14 won't '11 'll '11 'll 12 won't 15 won't won't 'll '11 10 will 13 '11 16 'll 17 '11 IIPredictions These are examples only; students make their own predictions.) I think they'll be powered by electric batteries They won't be powered by atomic power (in my opinion) People will still smoke cigarettes (but they won't smoke as many cigarettes as they smoke now) In my opinion, they won't speak the same language all over the world (but they will speak fewer languages than they speak now) There won't be drugs against e"ery kind of disease (but there will be a lot of new drugs) For example: There willbe more aeroplanestrhere won't be as many diseasesrfhe world will be warmer/ The deserts will get bigger, etc and For example: I'll have a different joblI'll be married/I won't be rich, etc , ~ Questions with shall for offers, suggestions, and requests (page 37) • Shall I the shopping? Shall we go to Spain for our holiday this year? Shall we dance? Where shall we take Aunt Martha when she comes to visit? Shall I cook a meal for you? What shall I if the money doesn't reach me in time? What shall I wear at the wedding? • Future expressed by present progressive (page 43) a a b c a Future expressed by simp e present (page 44) ak assemble give m es divide 're going to try out meet arrives is going to get visit 10 returns 11 begins 12 have 13 is going to enjoy 14 finishes to break ~ Future progressive with Is the building going to fall down? w,;ll ,;ng (page 45) Yes,it's going to fall down It's ~ ~ leaning overlleaning to one side.llt • will Sue'be doing Willshe be isn't straight, etc going She'll be playing She No, it isn't going to fall down It has won't be riding they'll be campmg been like this for a long time , They'll be camping They won't Is it going to get dark? be camping Willyou be having Yes, it's going to get dark The sun is We'll be staying 10 We won't be setting/going down gazing 11 You'llbe coming 12 I'll No, it isn't going to get dark The be making 13 I won't/shan't be sun is rising making 14 he'll be having 15 He'll Is she going to get married? be eating 16 He won't be eating Yes, she's going to get married 17 Willshe be staying 18 she won't She's wearing a wedding dress be corning back No, she isn't going to get married She's in a play/acting in a play/ ~ Future progressive singing in an opera, etc contrasted with will future, + '3N IIIntentions already decided and firm Future with will and shall (page 38) no change they won't attack no change Willthey be they won't be 6.will there be there won't be no change Shall I go up 10 willyou let ~ 11 no change 12 no change 13 They won't see 14 we won't let 15 shallwedo 16 Wewon'tgive • 17 nochange determination (page 41) • I'm going to buy a new dress What kind of dress are you going to ~1 buy? It's gomg to be an everung ~ dress You're not going tolYou aren't going to play football in the playground, you hear? I'm going to find/catch the boy who wrote • this message! I'm not gomg to let him get away with it! Soldiers! The time has corne! Tomorrow we/you are going to march into Pacifica! The people of Pacifica are our brothers We're not going to/aren't going to fight~2 them! ~ Mixed will/shall and going to forms (page 42) • It's going to be ~hall we go I'll go I'm not gomg to swirnll won't (or shan't) swim I'll swim I'm going to takelI'll take I'll be glad I'm going to lie it'll or it's going to (possible, but less likely) 10 there's going to bel there'll be 11 there won't be 12 We'll probably have 13 shall we do/are we going to 14 Shall I make 15 I'll make ~ Future with going to (pages 39-41) • Situation with signs observable in present (page 39) (Answers, especially the reasons, may vary) Are the monkeys going to reach the bananas? Yes, they're going to reach the •• E:I Both will/shall and going to can be bananas One monkey can climb used in 4, 6, 9, 10, 13 onto the other monkey: etc (page 47) c c c b c c b a 10 b b Future perfect contraste with future progressive (page 48) d will have risen will not have risen will be marvelling will not have equalled shall have overtaken will be producing will have doubled we shall have built you will be enjoying t.h Mixed forms expressmg future (pages 49-50) e I'm going to open it'll take/it's, gomg to take Willyou lend I 11 pay you won't have to We'll share will belis going to be will wishl\vill be wishing/is going to wish we'll have recovered 10 You won't getIYou're not going to get 11 he won't be able 12 he's selling/he'll seillhe's going to sell 13 I'm meetinglI'm going to meet 14 we sign/we're going to sign/we'll sign 15 I paylI'm going to pay 16 he'll sendlhe's going to sendlhe'll be sending (answers vary depending on forms chosen in Exercise 1) a promise: 4, 5, an intention already decided, or fum determination: a future situation with signs or causes in the present: 7, and possibly 2, a prediction: and possibly 2, 7,11,16 (9 (future perfect) is also a prediction) something routine, or natural, that willhappen as a matter of course: possibly 8, 16 an arrangement made with another person: 12, 13 an action belonging f3Al to a fixed timetable: 14, ~ 15 something that willbe completed by a certain time in the future: Examples of patterns People willland on Mars by{year)l in (year)! in the 21st century, etc (name of country) willwin the next World Cup Mycountry willhave a new government in (year) I'll write to you every week while I'm in England The earth is going to get warmer because of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere We'llbe studying for our exams at the end of this term I'll(still) be learning English in two years' time The United States and the Soviet Union willhave signed an arms agreement by (year) ·9 I'm having dinner with a friend tomorrow night 10 Our afternoon class finishes at 15.30 lfwith situations which are nlik U ely or unreal (pages 57-58) If we pald higher wages we would attract better players More people would come and w~tch us if we won more matches (PossIbly the reverse conditlOnalso:If more people came and watched us we would win more matches) If we had our team from 1921-22 we would win the cup Wewould score a lot of goals DiegoMaradona played for us Ifourgoalkeeperdidn'thave~ broken leg he would be the best goalkeeper in the league If I wast were sensible I wouldn't be working for this club Our players would run much faster if they didn't smoke If our striker was/were taller he would score more goals with his head IrF h" u WIt SItuatIons WhIch were possible in the past, but did not occur (page 59) II II If the bank hadn't lent me £50,000I ~ Reported statements (pages 51-52) She says Badleyhas damaged the country - but he hasn't She says the country has not been well~ governed-but it has She says Badley's government acted dishonestly _ but it didn't She says they willform an honest government _ but they won't She says dishonest officialswillbe punished _ but they won't She says they won'ttwillnot prevent anyone from givinghis opinion_ but they will She says there won't/will not be any return to the bad old days _ but there will She 'saysshe has promised the people this and (that) she willkeep her word _ but she won't She says they are going to ~ put the country right _ but they aren't ~ , (or won't) 10 She says a new age is begmnmg for everyone - but it isn't •• Sh ·d B e sal that Badley had damaged the country She said that the country had not been ~ell-governed She said that Badley s government had acted dIshonestly She said that they would form an honest II government .5 She said that ~ dIshonest officIalswould be punished She said that they wouldn't/would not prevent anyone from givinghis opmlOn She said that there wouldn't/would not be any return to the bad old days She said that she had promised the people this and (that) she would kee her word She said that they ~ere going·to put the country right 10 Sh d th t : e Sal a a new age was begmnmg for everyone Reported questions and if ( pages 53-54) answers I asked him what part he had plaved in the robbery and he told me he had driven the car for the getaway I wanted to know how long he had been livingin San Bernardo I discovered that he had been livingthere for six years He had been livingin San Pedro before, but the police there had 1301 thrownhimout Thenlaskedifhe~ was happy in San Bernardo Boggs repli:odthat he wasn't, because he dldn t speak the language I asked him if he would ever go back to Britain He said he wouldn't go back until the police dropped the case against him - and (that) they would never that I was interested to know what he missed most about Britain He told me (that) he missed the pubs and the football,but that it was worst at Christmas He said (that) he always felt miserable then Finally 1asked him if his old friends ever wrote to him.He told me (that) they didn't, because they were all in prison '32' Tenses (page with time 55) clauses II Myfather taught me gardening •• B when 1was a boy But the offer of a job at Moxleycame after 1joined!had Jomed the army So I didn't start at Moxleyuntil I leftlhad left the army ~ A~ soon as I st~rted I knew I would ~ like It here I ve been here since I ~ started the job in 1961 When the head gardeller retires next year I'll become headgardenar in his place I'llget a rise in my wages as soon as I'm head gardener IrF 'th'" U WI sltuat~ons which are real possibilities (page 56) if marnes, 13 4' won t if is 13 I' isn't/won't be 13 10 are/willbe 11 if 12 are 13 13 14 alwaysget/will alwa s et 15 if 16 is 17 if 18 look: g 19 13 20 willfeel 21 13 22 will be 23 if 24 save II wouldn't have started the school I wouldn't have continued if the school hadn't been a success Ifwe hadn't won the Pacifica University contract we would have had money problems If I had retired we would have gone to live in Italy We would have built another language lab if there had been enough students Wewould have moved to a better building if the rent for this building hadn't been so low Anyway,our teachers wouldn't have stayed with us if there hadn't been a friendly atmosphere (examples) If I had passed the examination I wouldn't have stayed in the English class I would have joined the army if I hadn't become a student, etc Mixed conditional and clauses (page 60) II 'll carry on clears up 'd!had known 'd!would never have set out stops 'IIeasily be had to started broke 10 'dlhad spent 11 set set out outl'd 12 hsetd houtlhad d a appene 13 'd!would have had to 14 came 15 'd!would wave 16 'd!would put 17 had 18 get 19'11be time ... 55 56 57 59 60 Irregular verbs 61 35 37 38 39 42 43 44 45 Introduction Practise your Tenses is a workbook in the Practise your eries which is designed to give students practice in particular.. .Practise your Tenses Donald Adamson ~1Il~ L ongman= III III III Contents Forms expressing the present Simple... part of town, and she at all Make suggestions to your partner using the forms: Why don't we ? or Why don't you ? Give a reason for your suggestion Your partner agrees or disagrees with the suggestion,