Evaluation of morphological traits and fruit quality of Vietnamese pumpkin collection with fiy Vietnamese pumpkin accessions were evaluated for agro-morphological characteristics and fruit quality. The experiment was continuously designed without replication. There was a remarkable variation in expression of leaf and fruit traits such as leaf size, fruit shape, fruit esh quality.
Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS) EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AND FRUIT QUALITY OF VIETNAMESE PUMPKIN COLLECTION Tran Danh Suu*1 Abstract Fi y Vietnamese pumpkin accessions were evaluated for agro-morphological characteristics and fruit quality e experiment was continuously designed without replication ere was a remarkable variation in expression of leaf and fruit traits such as leaf size, fruit shape, fruit esh quality e range of rst owering was 82 - 121 days a er growing and the early owering was observed in Phac deng cham variety (T11497) Co nhum variety (T11505) produced the maximum number of 16 fruits/plot and with highest yield of 12.76 tons/ha ese varieties (Phac deng cham and Co nhum) can be used directly or as good materials for breeding purposes Keywords: Pumpkin, morphological characteristics, yield INTRODUCTION Methods Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) belonging to family Cucurbitaceae is a very popular vegetable in many tropical and subtropical countries Pumpkin is very nutritious due to high content of vitamin and minerals A lot of pumpkin parts can be used as food including young leaves, stems, owers, fruits and seeds Pumpkins are very versatile in their uses for cooking and have an advantage over other vegetables as the fruits can be stored for up to months before being consumed and hence can play an important role in maintaining nutritional levels during long time (Ahamed KU et al., 2011) e experiment was continously designed without replication Seeds were sown in a plate and planted when having 2-3 leaves Two rows were performed on each bed and hole – hole was 0.75 m Plot area for each accession was 15 m2 e agro-morphological traits were collected and characterized by using descriptors of International Union for the Protection of new Varieties of Plants (UPOV, 2007) Fertilizer application for ha: 25 tons of manure + 250 kg urea + 450 kg super phosphate + 300 kg potassium fertilizers In Vietnam, pumpkin is grown in over the country, especially, it is present in almost of farmer’s gardens in Northern mountainous provinces and is becoming a valuable commodity for farmers to get earnings (Le Tuan Phong and Le Kha Tuong, 2011) Time and place of the study e experiment was carried out in Spring crop season of 2014 at the Plant Resources Center, An Khanh, Hoai Duc, Hanoi Many pumpkin genotypes having diverse characteristics grown and genotypes available in the market not have uniformity or standardization in nomenclature At present, nearly one thousand pumpkin accessions have been collected and maintained at the National Genebank (Nguyen i Tam Phuc, 2014) Moreover, no information on morphological and agronomical characteristics is available which can be used for direct use, breeding and conservation of pumpkin genetic resources erefore, the evaluation of pumpkin collection is necessary for above purposes MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials 50 Vietnamese local pumpkin accessions maintained at the National Genebank of the Plant Resources Center were used for evaluation * RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Agro-morphological quantitative traits Six agro-morphological traits including cotyledon length, cotyledon width, internode length, leaf length, leaf width and days to 50% owering of 50 pumpkin accessions were evaluated (Table 1) Cotyledon length and width: Signi cant variation among the pumpkin accessions was observed for this trait e cotyledon length varied from 26 mm to 44 mm and the cotyledon width was 17 - 29 mm, the coe cient of variation of cotyledon length was 11.3% and of cotyledon width was 10.8% Internode length: e most variation was observed for internode length among 50 studied pumpkin accessions is trait varied from 10.4 cm to 21.1 cm with the coe cient of variation of 15.2% Leaf length and width: Varied from 21.8 to 36.6 cm in leaf length, accession number 7535 had the highest Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences Corresponding author: Tran Danh Suu Email: trandanhsuu233@gmail.com 18 Journal of Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology - No.1(3)/2018 leaf length (36.6 cm) Leaf width was 20.1 - 34.3 cm; the highest leaf diameter (34.3 cm) was recorded in accession number 7535 So the pumpkin variety, Tau da (7535) collected from anh Hoa province had the highest leaf length and width Grubben and Ngwerume (2004) also reported that leaf diameter of C moschata was 20 - 35 cm in diameter Days to 50% owering: e maximum number of days to 50% owering determined to be 121 days a er growing and the minimum number was 82 days a er growing It was observed that earliest ower opening in the accession number T11497 (82 days) and the longest in accession No T11430 Table Agro-morphological quantitative traits of pumpkin collection No Acc No 3827 3861 3865 7530 7535 8577 10 11 9073 9631 T11425 T11429 T11430 12 T11431 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 T11432 T11436 T11439 T11440 T11446 T11453 T11454 T11455 T11462 T11463 T11468 T11473 T11474 T11476 T11477 T11483 T11488 T11490 31 T11492 32 T11493 Leaf Cotyledon Cotyledon Internode length Cultivar Name length width length (cm, (mm) (mm) (cm, n=9) n=5) Bi Son La 32 18 17.6 28.1 Bi Quang Binh 33 19 21.1 34.8 ua ien Bi 29 18 18.1 30.4 Hue Ca deng Bac Giang 31 20 14.4 26.2 Tau da anh Hoa 33 24 18.2 36.6 Chum qua Bac Giang 32 21 15 28 meng dang Ma u Son La 32 20 15.5 30.8 Nham Hoa Binh 33 21 15.4 30.2 Cung qua Ha Giang 38 22 14.8 28.6 Nong tau Ha Giang 33 21 16.4 31.6 Nong tau da Ha Giang 37 23 18.1 23.2 Pho nhum Ha Giang 35 22 17.8 24.1 nhim Mac phac Ha Giang 39 24 17.6 29.2 Ma u Dien Bien 26 18 15.9 25.9 Pia din Dien Bien 41 23 18.9 26.8 Tau da Dien Bien 42 24 14.7 27 Phan qua Lao Cai 35 20 12.6 26.5 Ma de axi Dien Bien 44 26 15.9 31.4 Ma de axi to Dien Bien 32 20 10.4 28.2 Ma de Dien Bien 38 25 12.9 31.2 Ma u Dien Bien 38 22 14.8 28.7 Lang qua Dien Bien 39 23 13.5 28.6 Ma u Dien Bien 43 29 18.6 30.2 Tau Dien Bien 42 26 13.7 22.7 Pe u Dien Bien 41 25 12.7 24.4 Nong tau Dien Bien 44 26 12.2 24.7 Nong tau Dien Bien 39 24 13.9 29.4 Phac Deng Bac Kan 38 22 13 27 Nhum Bac Kan 40 22 12.3 21.8 Tau da Bac Kan 39 23 17.8 30.8 Qua nhum Bac Kan 40 24 20.2 30 vieng Phac deng Bac Kan 38 24 17.4 32.2 Collecting place Leaf width (cm, n=5) 27.5 33.8 Days to 50% owering 105 105 29.2 107 24.4 34.3 113 117 27.2 103 29.8 30.2 27.4 29.4 23 115 106 108 103 121 23.3 115 27.8 25.4 27.8 26.4 27 31 28 29.8 27.8 27.2 29.4 21.7 23 24.5 28.9 26.3 20.1 29.6 107 116 113 108 105 101 103 101 105 108 113 107 108 112 103 101 102 105 29.4 106 29.2 108 19 Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS) Table Agro-morphological quantitative traits of pumpkin collection (cont.) 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 T11495 T11496 T11497 T11499 T11500 T11505 T11507 T11508 T11512 T11515 T11516 T11520 T11531 T11532 T11533 T11535 T11536 T11537 Phac deng Phac deng nua Phac deng cham Phec qua Phac deng nua Co Nhum Nhum Nhun Nhum Phac Deng Phac Deng Phac Deng Kho nhum Kho nhum Pau nhum yang Nhum Nhum Qua deng nua Min Max Average STDEV CV (%) Bac Kan Bac Kan Bac Kan Bac Kan Bac Kan Bac Kan Phu o Phu o Phu o Cao Bang Cao Bang Cao Bang Cao Bang Cao Bang Cao Bang Cao Bang Cao Bang Cao Bang 37 37 30 37 36 40 31 34 34 38 36 36 37 37 44 34 41 39 26 44 36.7 4.1 11.3 Qualitative morphological traits of pumpkin collection Ten qualitative morphological traits of 50 pumpkin accessions were evaluated (Table 2) Among 10 morphological traits, there were traits with the same characteristics in all 50 pumpkin accessions, such as angular stem shape, present tendrils, ovate 22 23 17 22 23 21 20 21 23 23 23 22 23 24 28 23 22 23 17 29 22.4 2.4 10.8 18.5 13.7 13.1 16.9 13 15.4 15.1 11.7 16.4 14.8 18.5 15.1 18.4 16.3 11.4 19 15.2 15.1 10.4 21.1 15.6 2.5 15.8 31.8 28.2 28.6 28.6 30.3 30.8 28 27.2 30.6 25.3 31.1 31.6 30.2 28.5 23 28.2 30.2 33.4 21.8 36.6 28.7 3.1 10.7 29.5 26.6 28.4 26 28.8 27.3 25.4 25.9 30.2 24.9 29.3 28.5 28.3 26.8 21.9 26.2 27.2 28.2 20.1 34.3 27.4 2.8 10.2 111 105 82 84 88 96 100 101 100 96 101 106 108 109 108 96 104 95 82 121 104.8 7.6 7.3 leaf shape, dented leaf margin, high leaf pubescence (ventral surface), yellow ower and monoecious sex type ere were two types of leaf color; the rst type (18 acc.) was interm and the second one (32 acc.) was dark green e predominant leaf lobs were interm (41 acc.); the shallow and deep leaf lobs were rare Table Qualitative morphological traits of 50 pumpkin accessions No 20 Traits Stem shape Tendrils Leaf shape Leaf color Leaf margin Leaf lobes Leaf pubescence (ventral surface) Leaf pubescence (dorsal surface) 10 Flower colour Sex type Characteristics Angular Present Ovate Interm Dark green 18 32 Dented Shallow Interm Deep 41 High Interm High 40 10 Yellow Monoecious Total 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Journal of Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology - No.1(3)/2018 Characteristics of fruits e fruit number per plot of 50 studied pumpkin accessions varied from one fruit to 16 fruits per plot ere were accessions with only one fruit (acc number 7535; T11436 and T11439) and the highest number of fruits was recorded in pumpkin accession T11505 with 16 fruits e fruit weight of pumpkin genotype 3861 (2.058 g) was the heaviest, closely followed by T11453 (2.217 g) and the minimum fruit weight was obtained from genotype T11439 Grubben and Ngwerume (2004) reported that fruit weight varied widely e highest yield was recorded in genotype T11505 (12.76 tons/ha) followed by 7530 (10.63 tons/ha), 3861 (10.03 tons/ha); genotype T11439 had the lowest yield (0.33 tons/ha) Signi cant variations were also observed among the accessions in seed characteristics for dry weight of 100-seeds, ranging from 4.3 g to 14.1 g (Table 3) Table Characteristics of fruits of 50 pumpkin accessions No Acc No 3827 3861 3865 7530 7535 8577 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 9073 9631 T11425 T11429 T11430 T11431 T11432 T11436 T11439 T11440 T11446 T11453 T11454 T11455 T11462 T11463 T11468 T11473 T11474 T11476 T11477 T11483 T11488 T11490 T11492 T11493 Name of varieties Bi Bi Bi Ca deng Tau da Chum qua meng dang Ma u Nham Cung qua Nong tau Nong tau da Pho nhum nhim Mac phac Ma u Pia din Tau da Phan qua Ma De Axi Ma De Axi to Ma De Ma u Làng qua Ma u Tau Pe u Nong tau Nong tau Phac Deng Nhum Tau da Qua nhum vieng Phac Deng Number of fruits per plot 11 Fruit length (cm) 8.8 14.8 10.9 10.9 14.7 Fruit width (cm) 11 16.4 14.6 15.3 7.7 Fruit weight (g) 550 2,508 1,200 1,450 1,200 0.73 10.03 3.2 10.63 0.8 100 seed weight (g) 6.2 12.2 8.4 10.2 4.3 11.8 16.5 1,680 5.6 11.3 5 2 1 3 12 12 10 9.6 9.9 9.8 15.3 14 11.6 14.2 16 16 11.9 14.4 28.1 29.3 30.6 11.8 12 14.7 10.2 12.6 14 11.1 9.9 10.4 24.9 8.5 11.7 16.1 14 15 10 13.9 13 10.5 9.5 12.1 14.4 14.6 11 10.1 14.2 13.4 15.5 12.3 15.2 10.7 12.7 13.1 14.7 10.7 14.8 13.8 910 1,176 1,178 1,468 650 1,300 1,184 900 500 1,000 1,500 2,217 1,150 1,526 1,275 1,217 1,902 900 1,613 735 1,190 1,142 1,080 1,220 1,200 1,080 3.03 3.92 6.28 8.81 0.87 1.73 6.31 0.6 0.33 2 4.43 3.07 5.09 1.7 2.43 7.61 1.8 4.3 0.98 9.52 9.14 7.2 4.07 4.8 5.04 4.9 8.7 8.1 12.3 8.9 6.5 10.6 10.1 10.1 7.9 11.9 10.2 9.6 10.7 10.4 8.6 10.2 9.9 9.1 6.2 7.8 8.7 10.6 12.5 9.1 Yield (ton/ha) 21 Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS) Table Characteristics of fruits of 50 pumpkin accessions (cont.) 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 T11495 T11496 T11497 T11499 T11500 T11505 T11507 T11508 T11512 T11515 T11516 T11520 T11531 T11532 T11533 T11535 T11536 T11537 Phac Deng Phac Deng Nua Phac deng cham Phec qua Phac deng nua Co Nhum Nhum Nhun Bao Bi Phac deng Phac deng Phac deng Kho nhum Kho nhum Pàu nhum yang Nhum Nhum Qua deng nua Min Max Average STDEV CV (%) 13 5 16 5 12 12 16 5.8 3.5 61.2 Qualitative characteristics of fruits Five types of the fruit shape were observed and ranged from globular to elongate e predominant shapes were globular (27 acc.) and pyriform (14 acc.) Flattened, elliptical and elongate shapes were rare e fruit ribs were absent in 17 and super cial in 29 accessions e fruit skin colour and the esh colour 7.5 16.4 9.8 11.8 16 11.3 24.2 10.6 10.7 15 11 12 10.7 23.7 11.5 15.7 7.5 30.6 13.7 5.5 39.8 15.1 13 14.4 11.8 11.2 13.1 12.3 13.9 11.2 16.3 15.9 14.1 13.7 14.4 12 11 15 15.5 7.7 16.5 13.2 2.1 15.5 800 636 1,368 754 646 1,196 1,270 1,126 1,224 1,804 1,470 1,540 1,230 1,200 886 1,130 1,452 1,656 500 2508 1,223.8 395.9 32.4 1.6 5.51 5.47 2.51 2.15 12.76 4.23 3.75 5.71 9.62 6.86 5.13 9.84 1.6 4.13 9.04 6.78 5.52 0.33 12.76 4.8 3.1 64.6 6.6 7.9 14.1 11.3 9.5 8.8 13.2 6.5 8.2 10.1 9.1 12.1 10.6 12.9 7.1 10.5 10.2 11.1 4.3 14.1 9.5 2.1 22.3 at maturity were orange in all 50 studied pumpkin accessions 32 pumpkin genotypes had sweet in esh avor while other genotypes had insipid esh avor and the rest 13 genotypes were intermediate (Table 4) In previous study, Gerardus (2004) and Nguyen i Tam Phuc (2014) also reported that the fruit shape was diverse Table Qualitative characteristics of fruits observed on 50 pumpkin accessions No 22 Traits Fruit shape Fruit ribs Predominant fruit skin colour at maturity Flesh colour Flesh texture Flesh avor Characteristics Globular Flattened Elliptical Pyriform Elongate 27 14 Absent Super cial Intermediate 17 29 Total Orange 50 Yellow Smooth- rm 16 Insipid Intermediate 13 Orange 49 Fibrous-gelatinous 34 Sweet 32 50 50 50 50 50 Journal of Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology - No.1(3)/2018 CONCLUSIONS ere was a remarkable variation in expression of leaf and fruit traits in 50 pumpkin accessions such as leaf size, fruit shape, and fruit esh quality e range of rst owering was 82 - 121 days and the early owering was observed in Phac deng cham variety (T11497) Co nhum variety (T11505) produced the maximum number of 16 fruits/plot and with highest yield of 12.76 tons/ha 32 pumpkin accessions had sweet esh avor ACKNOWLEDGEMENT e author would like to thank Dr Tran i u Hoai and Mrs Nguyen i Tam Phuc from the Plant Resources Center for their help during the experimental implementation REFERENCES Ahamed KU, B Akhter, MR Islam, N Ara and MR Humauan, 2011 An assessment of morphology and yield characteristics of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) genotypes in Northern Bangladesh Tropical Agricultural Research Extension 14(1): 7-11 Gerardus J H Grubben, 2004 Vegetables (Prota 2) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, pp 263-278 Grubben GJH and Ngwerume FC, 2004 Cucurbita moschata Duchesne In: Grubben, G.J.H & Denton, O.A (Editors) PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes [CD-Rom] PROTA,Wageningen, Netherlands International Union for the Protection of new varieties of plants (UPOV), 2007 Pumpkin (Cucurbita) Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability Geneva, 2007 Le Tuan Phong, Le Kha Tuong, 2011 Pumpkin production, potential and challenge Journal of Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology, No.2/2011 Pp: 46-50 (in Vietnamese) Nguyen i Tam Phuc, 2014 Evaluation of pumpkin germplasms MSc esis on Agricultural Sciences Hanoi Agricultural University (in Vietnamese) Date received: 19/11/2018 Date reviewed: 3/12/2018 Reviewer: Dr Dao i Oanh Yen Date approved for publication: 21/12/2018 EVALUATING SALT TOLERANCE OF SOME ELITE RICE VARIETES IN THE COASTAL REGIONS OF NAM DINH PROVINCE Nguyen Xuan Dung*1, Nguyen anh Phuong1, Le Quoc anh2 Abstract Climate change causes serious impacts on agricultural production, especially on rice production in Vietnam Sea level rise threads to reduce rice productivity and farmer living in Red River Delta and Mekong River Delta due to salt water intrusion which salinizes water irrigation and soil cultivation To response e ectively to negative impacts of climate change, this study was conducted to evaluate the salt tolerant capacity of promising rice varieties which are able to adapt to conditions in coastal regions in Nam Dinh province of the Red River Delta in Vietnam Two potential rice varieties named TX111 and M15, which not only had high yield, good quality (yields of TX111 and M15 in spring were 8.02 tons/ha and 7.41 tons/ha, respectively; in summer, yield of TX111 was 5.91 tons/ha, and yield of M15 was 4.42 tons/ha), but also high tolerance to salinity levels in the conditions of Red River Delta were selected Keywords: Red River Delta, rice, salt tolerance INTRODUCTION Vietnam has long coastline with 3,260 km and varied geography, so it is considered as one of the countries to be severely vulnerable to climate change (Dasgupta et al., 2007; Dasgupta et al., 2010) One of the major risks of climate change to Vietnam is sea level rise If the sea level rises by one meter, about 39% of the Mekong River Delta area and over 10% of the Red River Delta are ooded, which will lead to the signi cantly * impacts on food production and life of Vietnamese citizens (MONRE, 2012) When sea level rises by m, land with the area of million may be ooded annually in Vietnam (Zeidler, 1997) Sea level rise also increases the level of salinization of land and water, which seriously a ect crop production, especially rice production (Hanh et al., 2007) e Vietnam Institute of Water Resources Planning reported recently that 4‰ salinity level in water will occur 40 km inland, Center for Technology Development and Agricultural Extension; Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences Corresponding author: Nguyen Xuan Dung Email: dung.ricevietnam@gmail.com 23 ... Qualitative morphological traits of pumpkin collection Ten qualitative morphological traits of 50 pumpkin accessions were evaluated (Table 2) Among 10 morphological traits, there were traits with... accessions with only one fruit (acc number 7535; T11436 and T11439) and the highest number of fruits was recorded in pumpkin accession T11505 with 16 fruits e fruit weight of pumpkin genotype 3861... 50 Journal of Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology - No.1(3)/2018 Characteristics of fruits e fruit number per plot of 50 studied pumpkin accessions varied from one fruit to 16 fruits per