Logic, methodology and philosophy of science VIII proceedings of the eighth international congress of logic, methodology and philosophy of science, and philosophy of science proceedings) ( PDFDrive ) 36

PHILOSOPHY, SCIENCE AND MAN 17 Adopting the achievements of all the fields of knowledge, the theory of cognition itself is becoming ever more comprehensive in its character Considering this process, Lenin noted in this connection that the theory and logic of cognition should be derived from the whole life of nature and intellectual development, and shaped on the basis of the history of knowledge as a whole: the history of philosophy, the history of certain sciences, and the development of language; with special consideration of psychology, the physiology of sense organs, and the mental development of children and animals." Today much of this, but far from all, has been realised in this sense in the development of the theory of cognition Turning to an analysis of the ideological significance of philosophy and science, we should emphasise in this regard the importance of the general scientific picture of the world which they produce as a single whole, including its infinite manifestations and the interrelations between natural and social systems and cultures I would like to draw attention to the fact that today science is playing an ever more important philosophical role, as it discusses those questions which in the recent past were in the domain of the discussions of philosophers only Problems of the place and role of man and his consciousness in the world, the functioning and development of scientific activity, the structure and mechanisms of cognitive process, the ethics of scientific research -all this has become today a subject-matter of specific sciences In these conditions the interaction of philosophy as world outlook and philosophy as the methodology of scientific knowledge not only increases, but also acquires new social dimensions, since it is the philosophical conception of science that determines the attitude of society to science, the methods of social, cultural and moral control of its development, and the ways of using scientific achievements Today the question of the social responsibility of those developing philosophical conceptions of science is as pressing as the question of the social responsibility of the scientists The questions of world outlook and methodology have become so closely entangled that they share their problems The problems concerning the ontological character of scientific theories, the problems of truth, reason and rationality, and those concerning the interrelation between knowledge and activity, are essentially philosophical problems and simultaneously most important in working out the questions of the logic and methodology of science There are surely many special methodological problems in science which not reach directly the philosophical level " LENIN.V.I Complete Works vol 29 pp 80, 314