Index Banksia marginata 1:304F Banksia ornata 1:302–303, 1:304F Banks, Joseph 1:577–578 bank vole 1:365–368 banteng 1:640 Banyuasin Musi River Delta 1:276T baobab trees 2:468, 2:471, 5:235 Baptisia bracteata 1:707 Baptornis 2:519T, 2:520T Barbados 4:560F, 6:519 Barbarea vulgaris 1:75 Barbary fig 4:350–351 Barbary macaque 4:692–693, 6:251–252, 6:256–258T Barbeya 5:623F Barbourula kalimantanensis 1:515 Barbus canis 5:463T barefaced ibis 7:390F bark beetles 1:144, 5:675–676, 6:41, 6:150T bark epiphytes 3:524 barks 3:130T, 3:131T barley biofuel production 1:529T Europe 2:662–663 genetic diversity 3:670, 3:674F intercropping patterns 2:383 malting traits 1:461F, 1:462 Mediterranean Basin 2:662–663 Neolithic agriculture 2:658 quality guidelines 1:460–461, 1:461F regional cultivars 3:32F root–soil interface 6:113T southwest Asia 2:662–663 barley and cereal yellow dwarf virus 2:529–530, 2:529F Barlow’s lark 1:487–488 barnacles classifications 4:381T interspecific competition 2:186, 2:187F intertidal ecosystems 4:334 predation effects 4:334–335, 6:232 Barnadesia 4:101 Barneoudia 4:101 Barneoudia major 4:105–106 barn owls 5:606–607, 6:689–690 barn swallows 5:312 Baronia brevicornis 1:650 Baroniinae 1:650 barracudas 3:260, 3:467–471 Barringtonia asiatica 1:589 Barro Colorado Island (BCI) 4:267, 6:239–240, 6:307, 7:273 bar-tailed godwits 7:27–28 Bartel, David 5:633–636 Bartramia longicauda 5:312 Bartram, William 4:651–652 Bary, Heinrich Anton de 5:116–117 Barytheriidae 5:224T Barytherium 5:224T basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 7:302 basal species 7:264 basalt 7:327–328 Basidentitermes 4:409T Basidiobolus ranarum 3:696 Basidiomycota 2:644, 3:628F, 3:629–630, 3:629F Basin and Range Orogeny 5:563 basket stars 4:381T Basque Center for Climate Change 5:460–462T bass 1:10T, 1:12F, 3:123T, 3:467–471, 6:153F, 7:261, 7:390 Bassia (Chenolea) arabica 5:484–485 Bates, Henry Walter 2:424 Batesian mimicry 1:656, 2:424 Bateson, Gregory 6:383 Bateson, William 6:2 batfish 3:466–467 bat flies 3:489–491T Bathybates 1:25F Bathycestus brayi 7:456–457F Bathyergus janetta 1:487–488 Bathymodiolus thermophilus 4:391 Bathynellacea 2:416–417T, 3:182T Bathyplectes curculionis 4:366 Bathysiphon 6:292 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis amphibians environmental threats 2:86–87, 3:166, 4:664 epidemiology 1:519–520 introduced parasites–species decline relationships 2:527–529, 2:530F population declines 1:177, 3:696 characteristics 3:627 as disease vector 4:505–506 environmental threats 3:166 Batrachospermum 3:358 bats biodiversity-friendly farming 1:420–421, 1:423F boreal forests 1:631–632 characteristics 4:691–692 Chile 5:217 forest canopies 3:513–514 fruit and seed dispersal 6:50, 6:51T Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) 2:584F introduced parasites–species decline relationships 2:527–529, 2:529F mangrove ecosystems 5:14 migratory patterns 5:313–314 Near East ecosystems 5:474–475 new species 4:704 number of species 4:690T pollination 6:49T, 6:141T, 6:142–143 pollution effects 3:192–193 seed dispersal 7:283–284 species diversity 2:587 subterranean ecosystems 7:51–52, 7:60 Succulent Karoo 1:487–488 white-nose syndrome 4:156 Bauera 5:623F Bauhinia 5:489 bauxites 4:228 bay-breasted warbler 2:188–189, 2:188F Bayesian clustering analysis 4:511, 4:512F Bayesian species delimitation 6:684 Bdallophyton 4:72 beaches coastal beach ecosystems 2:128–136 sandy beaches 571 alongshore distribution 2:131–133 background information 2:128 beach index (BI) 2:129 future research areas 2:135 macrofauna surveys 2:129–131, 2:130F macroscale patterns 2:131 mesoscale patterns 2:131–133 microscale patterns 2:133 microtidal regimes 2:128–129, 2:129F morphodynamic states 2:128–129, 2:129F research summary 2:135 species richness hypotheses 2:133–134 threats and challenges 2:134–135 tidal regimes 2:129 two-dimensional model 2:129, 2:130F zonation patterns 2:131–133 intertidal beaches 5:51 sandy beaches alongshore distribution 2:131–133 background information 2:128 beach index (BI) 2:129 future research areas 2:135 intertidal ecosystems 4:337–339 macrofauna surveys 2:129–131, 2:130F macroscale patterns latitudinal trends 2:131, 2:131F morphodynamic effects 2:131, 2:132F, 2:133F mesoscale patterns 2:131–133 microscale patterns 2:133 microtidal regimes 2:128–129, 2:129F morphodynamic states 2:128–129, 2:129F nature-based coastal protection strategies 5:452–453, 5:453T research summary 2:135 species richness hypotheses 2:133–134 threats and challenges 2:134–135 tidal regimes 2:129 two-dimensional model 2:129, 2:130F zonation patterns 2:131–133 beach flies 3:489–491T Beagle expedition 2:419–420, 4:651–652 beaked whales 3:192–193, 4:693–694, 5:65T, 5:314 beans 1:132T, 1:462F, 2:383, 2:663–664, 6:553 bearded pig 1:517 bearded sakis 6:251T bearded seal 5:90 bearded vultures 5:474 beardfish 3:466 Bear River 7:152–153 bears adipose tissue 7:34F biomedical research 1:358–359 boreal forests 1:631–632 convergent evolution 4:701T Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) 2:584F