Index Cordaixylon 5:618F cordgrass 4:349–350, 4:360, 4:365–366, 7:375–378, 7:388–389 Cordia 5:489 Cordia interrupta 4:364 Cordia sinensis 5:486 Cordia tetrandra 1:163 Cordyceps subsellis 3:638 Cordylanthus 4:75 Cordylanthus maritimus 6:455 Coregoninae 6:522–523 Coregonus oxyrhinchus 6:479 Coregornus lavaratus 3:123T Coreidae 7:294 Corethrellidae 3:489–491T coriander 2:662–663 Coriandrum sativum 2:662–663 Corixidae 7:389–391 Cormohipparion 4:724–725T corms East Asia 2:663 North and South America 2:663–664 Southeast Asia 2:663 Sub-Saharan Africa 2:663 corn biofuel crop production 1:529T, 1:530, 1:543–547, 1:544F carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions 4:295F see also ethanol production corn buntings 4:259 Cornitermes 4:409T corn rootworm 4:365 corn smut 3:633 Cornu aspersum 3:222–223 Cornus florida 2:528T, 3:411, 3:411F Coromandel monsoon forest 1:262–263T Coronaviridae 5:130F Corrugatocephalum 7:456–457F Corsiaceae 6:315T Corticaria crenicollis 7:220T Corticaria obsoleta 7:220T Corticoviridae 5:134T, 5:135 Cortispongilla barroisi 5:470T Corvidae 6:308T Corvus brachyrhynchos 4:564 Corvus corax 4:567 Corvus hawaiiensis 5:367 Corvus splendens 1:516, 1:624 Coryceaus spp 5:686–687 Corylus 4:574F Corylus heterophylla 1:271–272 Coryndon Museum (Kenya) 5:406 Coryphaenoides rupestris 2:271 Coryphantha minima 3:208 Corystospermaceae 5:617 Corystosperms 5:618F Corythosaurus 2:519T, 2:520T Coscinodiscophyceae 1:476F Cosmetidae 1:210–211 Cosmibuena 3:522T cospeciation 2:137 Cossoidea 5:386F, 5:387–388T Cossuridae 7:417F Costa Rica bilateral research agreements 5:714 biodiversity research 4:124–125 botanical gardens 6:519 butterflies 1:657T, 1:658, 1:658T, 1:659T Convention on Biological Diversity (1930) 2:313 countryside biogeography studies 2:354, 2:355F deforestation 1:677F, 2:30–31, 2:31F ecosystem services 2:227, 7:356T Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) 1:506 invasive species 4:353–354 Lepidoptera 5:389–390 living dead trees 4:590–591, 4:591F neotropical seasonally dry forests 5:490, 5:491T, 5:493T, 5:495F, 5:497F pastureland conversion 4:665T Seamounts Marine Management Area 5:449–450 species richness 2:25T tropical rain forests birds 6:307–309, 6:308T butterflies 6:306–307, 6:307T mammals 6:309T plant diversity 6:314–315, 6:317T, 6:318T vascular plant diversity 6:82T water funds 7:356T cost–benefit rule 3:27 Cosumnes River 7:151F, 7:152–153, 7:153 Coˆte d’Ivoire botanical gardens 6:519 cropland conversion 4:665T forest-savanna mosaics 1:68 indigenous peoples 4:270T termites 4:430T Cotingidae 6:308T Coto Brus Valley, Costa Rica 2:354, 2:355F Cotoneaster orbicularis 5:485 cotton 2:384F cotton bollworms 4:298–299, 4:299F cotton grass 1:136, 1:275 cotton stainers 7:294 cotton-top tamarins 6:256–258T cottonwood 1:531–532 cottony cushion scale 1:78, 4:361 Coturnicops noveboracensis 7:182 cotylocidium 7:463, 7:464–465F Couepia bracteosa 4:288T Couepia edulis 4:288T Couepia longipendula 4:288T Couepia paraensis 1:163 Couepia uiti 1:163–164 Couma utilis 4:288T countryside biogeography 2:347–360 basic concepts anthropogenic impacts 2:348–350, 2:349F conservation biogeography 2:348 island biogeography 2:348 marine and land surfaces 2:349F research areas 2:348–350, 2:349F vicariance biogeography 2:348 case studies ancient tropical countrysides 2:354–356, 2:356F Costa Rica 2:354, 2:355F 619 early studies 2:353–354, 2:353F Hawaiian Islands 2:356, 2:357F marine ecosystems 2:356 definition 2:347 future outlook 2:358 human-dominated ecosystems basic concepts 2:350–351 human-dominated landscapes 2:349F, 2:350–351, 2:350F human-dominated seascapes 2:351 human impacts 2:350 trait-based studies 2:356–357 untouched ecosystems 2:350 human influence community assemblage and structure 2:352 ecosystem function 2:352–353 ecosystem services 2:352–353 natural capital 2:352–353 population diversity 2:351–352 sixth extinction wave 2:351 species richness/species diversity 2:351 research methodologies evolutionary bottlenecks 2:357–358 future outlook 2:358 mathematical models 2:358 remote sensing techniques 2:358 theoretical foundations 2:358 trait-based studies 2:356–357 countryside landscapes 5:321–322 Cousin Island 7:188 Coussapoa 3:522T covariance effect 7:6 Cowan–Farquhar model 2:675 cowbirds brood parasitism characteristics 5:502 cowbird–host systems behavioral adaptations 5:504–505 egg adaptations 5:504 host defenses 5:505 nestling and fledgling adaptations 5:505 host defenses egg rejection 5:505–506 nest access 5:505 management and control strategies 5:507 number of species 5:502T population dynamics models 4:490, 4:491F threatened species 7:184–185 cowfish 3:467–471 Cowles’ succession theory 7:64–65 cow-parsnip 6:120T cowpeas 2:383, 2:659, 2:663, 3:32F cowpea weevil 4:365 cows 2:56F cow-wheat 4:570–572 coyotes boreal forests 1:631–632 gene flow barriers 4:517 human colonization impacts 1:621–622 predation effects boreal/temperate forests 6:237