Index Hindu Kush highlands 1:262–263T hinterlands 7:309–310 Hippidion 4:727T Hippoboscidae 3:489–491T Hippoboscoidea 3:489–491T Hippocamelus antisensis 2:587F Hippocamelus bisculus 3:193 Hippocratea 5:489 Hippocrates 5:705 Hippoglossoides hippoglossoides 4:631 Hippoglossus hippoglossus 4:631 Hippopotamidae 4:696–697, 5:225T hippopotamus 4:690T, 4:696, 5:225T, 6:479–480 Hippopotamus amphibius 1:53–54, 4:696–697, 4:729–730, 4:729F, 5:225T, 6:466, 6:479–480 Hippopotamus behemoth 5:462 Hippopotamus gorgops 5:225T Hippopotamus lemerlei 4:657, 5:365 Hippotragus 4:696 Hippotragus equinus 1:50 Hippotragus niger 1:51 Hirnantia 5:167 Hirtitermes 4:409T Hirudinea 4:371T, 5:669–670T, 7:408 Hirudo medicinalis 1:359 Hirundo pyrrhonota 6:571–573 Hirundo rustica 5:312, 5:474 Hispaniola endemic plant species 6:83 lizards 1:31F, 1:32 solenodons 4:713–714, 4:713F, 4:714F hispid cotton rat 1:365–368 Histeridae 1:327T Histeroidea 1:327T Histoplasma capsulatum 3:634T histoplasmosis 3:634T historical biogeography 7:342–343 historical botanical gardens 6:505 historical conservation movement 2:278–288 background information general discussion 2:278–279 historic precedents 2:279–280 prehistoric precedents 2:278–279 emerging themes 2:287–288 modern origins foundations 2:280–281 Progressive Era 2:282–283 reform direction and momentum 2:281–282 twentieth century conservation challenges 2:283 conservation program reintegration 2:286–287 institutionalization forestry management 2:283 policies and administration 2:283 range management 2:283 recreational activities 2:283 soil conservation 2:283–284 wildlife management 2:283 1930s and 1940s 2:284–285 post-World War II era 2:285–286 historical deforestation 2:447–448 historical extinctions extinction paradoxes 5:367 Hawaii 5:367 New Zealand 5:366–367 number of species 5:368T historical geobotany 4:396T historic land-use patterns 4:569–582 anthropogenic impacts 4:569–570 buildings/built-up areas 4:579, 4:580F climate change effects 4:569–570 conservation implications 4:581–582 coppice woods 4:573, 4:573F, 4:574F crop plants 4:570, 4:570F domestic animals 4:570 fields 4:570–572, 4:571F fire cycles 4:580, 4:581F forests and woodlands 4:572–574, 4:573F, 4:574F grasslands 4:577 heathland 4:577, 4:578F hedges 4:571, 4:571F historical perspective 4:569, 4:579–581 moorland 4:577–579, 4:578F permanent edges and open areas 4:573–574, 4:575F terraces 4:572, 4:572F wood-pasture ecosystems 4:574–577, 4:575F, 4:576F, 4:581F Histriophoca fasciata 5:90 Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park 5:227F, 5:228 Hoagland, Edward 4:653 hoary bats 5:313 hoatzin 1:604, 1:608 Hochstetter’s frog 4:194T Hodotermes 4:409T Hodotermitidae 4:409T, 4:410–411, 4:410F, 4:410T, 4:417F, 4:422F Hodotermopsis 4:409T Holmesina 4:724–725T, 4:727T holm oaks 1:612, 5:218 Holocene climate change studies 2:59–60, 2:61F, 2:82–83 crustaceans 2:407 dispersal biogeography 2:550, 2:551–552T, 2:552F vegetation–climate interactions 2:682 holometabolous insects 5:674–675 holoparasitism 4:70–71 Holopedium 6:26 Holothuroidea 4:381T, 5:669–670T Holothyrida 1:216 Holy see (Vatican City) Homalanthus nutans 1:594, 1:596–597, 5:713 Homallotermes 4:409T Homarus americanus 3:610F home gardens 1:120, 4:320, 6:567, 6:595 homing behavior 6:526 Hominidae 4:692–693, 4:693, 6:250–252, 6:251T Hominoidea 4:692–693 Homo erectus 4:153, 5:231 Homogammina maculosa 6:292 homologous recombination 1:322–324, 1:324F 697 homology cladistic analysis 2:37 parsimony analysis 6:17–18 homoplasy 2:35F, 2:41–42, 6:17–18 homoploid hybridization general discussion 4:166–167 hybrid speciation 4:168 hybrid swarms 4:167–168 introgression 4:166–167 novelty generation 4:167 novelty loss 4:167 Homoptera 4:392T, 7:287 Homopus signatus signatus 1:487–488 Homo sapiens ecosystem impacts 4:153 evolutionary systematics 2:51–52, 2:52F late Pleistocene extinctions 5:231 late Quaternary extinction event (LQEE) 4:724–725T molecular level diversity 2:636F mutation rates 2:628T neutral nucleotide polymorphism 2:631T recombination characteristics 6:361T see also humans Homotherium 4:724–725T Honduras botanical gardens 6:519 deforestation 2:30–31, 2:31F, 2:449T ecosystem services 7:356T neotropical seasonally dry forests 5:493T, 5:495F, 5:497F species richness 2:25T water funds 7:356T wheat production 1:87–88 honeybees biodiversity–ecosystem services relationship 1:348, 3:347 honey production 4:183 introduced parasites–species decline relationships 2:532 introduced species 6:144–145 kin selection theory 2:322 reproductive behavior 4:178–179 see also Hymenoptera honeyeaters 5:13–14 honeyguides 5:502, 5:502T Hong Kong animal species 1:261T mangroves 1:275T plant species 1:259T threatened species 1:278T urbanization 4:560F hooded grebe 7:186 hooded seals 5:90, 5:314, 7:38 hook-and-line fishing 6:420 Hooker, Joseph 2:421, 2:424, 2:539–540, 6:612–613, 7:343 Hooker’s sea lions 5:81T hookworms 1:359, 5:660T, 5:671T Hoolock hoolock 6:256–258T Hoover, Edgar 6:205–206 Hopea 1:263 Hopea ferrea 1:267 Hoplocarida 2:401T Hoplognathotermes 4:409T Hoplophorus 4:727T