xviii Subject Classification Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Human Impact on Biodiversity, Overview Hunter-Gatherer Societies, Ecological Impact of Indigenous Peoples and Biodiversity Landscape Legacies Natural Reserves and Preserves Pollution, Overview Population Stabilization, Human Wildlife Management Origins, Evolution and Breakdown of Bacterial Symbiosis Plankton, Status and Role of Proteorhodopsin: Widespread Microbial LightDriven Proton Pumps Protozoa Psychrophiles Rare Biosphere Thermophiles, Origin of Invertebrates Plant Biodiversity Arachnids Arthropods (Terrestrial), Amazonian Beetles Butterflies Crustaceans Endangered Terrestrial Invertebrates Flies, Gnats, and Mosquitoes Grasshoppers and Their Relatives Hymenoptera Insects, Overview Invertebrates, Freshwater, Overview Invertebrates, Marine, Overview Invertebrates, Terrestrial, Overview Isoptera Molluscs Moths Myriapods Parasitoids True Bugs and Their Relatives, Diversity of Worms, Annelida Worms, Nematoda Worms, Platyhelminthes African and Asian Savannahs Biodiversity of the Succulent Karoo Biodiversity of Harmful Marine Algae Biodiversity in Plant Breeding C4 Plants Countryside Biogeography Effects of Ecotones on Biodiversity Edible Plants Elevational Trends in Biodiversity Forest Canopies, Animal Diversity Forest Canopies, Plant Diversity Forest Ecology Globalization Effects of Common Plant Species Herbaceous Vegetation, Species Richness in Introduced Plants, Negative Effects of Landscape Diversity Large-Scale Biodiversity Experiments Latitudinal and Elevational Range Shifts Under Contemporary Climate Change Neotropical Seasonally Dry Forests Phenological Shifts in Animals Under Contemporary Climate Change Photosynthesis, Mechanisms of Plant Biodiversity, Overview Plant Conservation Plant Invasions Plant Sources of Drugs and Chemicals Plant-Animal Interactions Plant-Soil Interactions Pollinators, Role of Temperate Forests Microbial Diversity Archaea, Origin of Bacterial Biodiversity Bacterial Genetics Ecogenomic Sensors Fungi Marine Symbioses: Metazoans and Microbes Marine Viruses Microbial Biodiversity Microbial Biodiversity, Measurement of Microbial Biogeography Microbial Diversity Microbial Diversity of the Oceanic Surface Picoplankton: Insights from the Global Ocean Sampling (GOS) Program Microorganisms (Microbes), Role of Population Issues Biodiversity and Cultural Ecosystem Services Biofuels and Biodiversity: the Implications of Energy Sprawl Conservation and People Feeding the World and Protecting Biodiversity Human Impacts on Ecosystems: An Overview