Flies, Gnats, and Mosquitoes Table 491 Continued Common name Suprafamily Opomyzoinea Anthomyzidae Marginidae Opomyzidae Suprafamily Asteioinea Asteiidae Aulacigastridae Neurochaetidae Periscelididae Teratomyzidae Xenasteiidae Superfamily Carnoidea Australimyzidae Braulidae Canacidae Carnidae Chloropidae Cryptochaetidae Milichiidae Tethinidae Superfamily Sphaeroceroidea Chyromyidae Heleomyzidae (s.l.) Mormotomyiidae Sphaeroceridae Superfamily Ephydroidea Camillidae Curtonotidae Diastatidae Drosophilidae Ephydridae Calyptratae Superfamily Hippoboscoidea Glossinidae Hippoboscidae Nycteribiidae Streblidae Superfamily Muscoidea Anthomyiidae Fanniidae Muscidae Scathophagidae Superfamily Oestroidea Calliphoridae Mystacinobiidae Oestridae Rhinophoridae Sarcophagidae Tachinidae TOTAL Number of species 49 40 Upside-down flies 100 25 19 113 41 2,000 25 190 126 Bee lice Beach flies Frit flies Lesser dung flies 40 520 2,500 Vinegar flies, pomace flies Shore flies 11 36 22 2,900 1,300 Tsetse flies Louse flies Bat flies Bat flies 22 200 260 220 1,100 265 3,880 250 Blow flies Bot flies, warble flies Flesh flies 1,000 42 100 2,500 9,200 124,390 Source: Adapted from Yeates DK and Wiegmann BM (1999) Congruence and controversy: Toward a higher-level phylogeny of Diptera Annual Review of Entomology 44: 397–428, and McAlpine JF (ed.) (1989) Manual of Nearctic Diptera, vol Agriculture Canada Monograph No 32 Most important taxa are in bold Approximate number of described species from various sources have described only 10% or fewer of the species in many families The Diptera are traditionally organized into three suborders: the Nematocera, the orthorrhaphous Brachycera, and the cyclorrhaphous Brachycera Of these, it is likely that only the Cyclorrhapha is a monophyletic, or natural, group Although a consensus on the higher relationships within the Diptera is not yet available, it is generally agreed that the ‘‘Nematocera’’ is a paraphyletic assemblage of relatively primitive dipteran families and that some subgroup of this assemblage is more closely related to the Brachycera than to other nematocerans Similarly, within the Brachycera, a group