Subject Classification Threatened Species: Classification Systems and Their Applications Genetics Conservation Genetics Ecological Genetics Gene Banks Genes, Description of Genetic Diversity Hybridization in Plants Inbreeding and Outbreeding Landscape Genetics Nucleic Acid Biodiversity: Rewriting DNA and RNA in Diverse Organisms Phenotype, a Historical Perspective Recombination Geographic and Global Issues African and Asian Savannahs Biodiversity State and Trends in Southeast Asia Biodiversity-Rich Countries Biogeochemical Cycles Biogeography, Overview Dispersal Biogeography Diversity, Community/regional Level Endemism Energy Use, Human Global Species Richness Hotspots Island Biogeography Landscape Corridors Landscape Ecology and Population Dynamics Landscape Epidemiology Landscape Genetics Landscape Legacies Landscape Modeling Latitudinal and Elevational Range Shifts Under Contemporary Climate Change Latitudinal Gradients of Biodiversity Migration Neotropical Seasonally Dry Forests Rainforest Loss and Change Vicariance Biogeography Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems Asia, Ecosystems of Australia, Biodiversity of Ecosystems Biodiversity in Logged and Managed Forests Boreal Forest Ecosystems Census of Marine Life Central America, Ecosystems of Coastal Beach Ecosystems Corals and Coral Reefs Desert Ecosystems Ecosystem Function, Principles of Ecosystem, Concept of Ecosystems of South America Estuarine Ecosystems Europe, Ecosystems of Freshwater Ecosystems Freshwater Ecosystems, Human Impact on Grassland Ecosystems Habitat and Niche, Concept of High-Elevation Andean Ecosystems High-Temperature Ecosystems Intertidal Ecosystems Lake and Pond Ecosystems Land-Use Patterns, Historic Macroscopic Patterns in Marine Plankton Mangrove Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems, Human Impacts on Marine Sediments Mediterranean-Climate Ecosystems Near East Ecosystems, Animal Diversity Near East Ecosystems, Plant Diversity North America, Patterns of Biodiversity in Ocean Ecosystems Pelagic Ecosystems Rainforest Ecosystems, Animal Diversity Rainforest Ecosystems, Plant Diversity Riparian Landscapes River Ecosystems Seagrasses South American Natural Ecosystems, Status of Southern (Austral) Ecosystems Subterranean Ecosystems Terrestrial Ecosystems Tropical Forest Ecosystems Urban–Suburban Biodiversity Vents Wetlands Ecosystems Habitats and Ecosystems Human Effects and Interventions Africa, Ecosystems of Alpine Ecosystems Amazon Ecosystems Antarctic Ecosystems Biodiversity and Human Health Deforestation and Land Clearing Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology xvii