Endangered Plants Greenland United States 413 Mexico 462 Cuba 193 French Polynesia 158 Portugal Spain 135 77 Morocco 107 Algeria 73 Dominican Republic 47 Puerto Rico 69 Jamaica 300 Guatemala 132 Costa Rica 194 Panama 329 Colombia 352 Ecuador 2,549 Mali 49 Mauritania 13 Senegal 71 Venezuela 208 Guyana 67 Suriname 55 Russian Federation 56 Kazakhstan 55 Italy 83 Egypt 30 Niger Chad 33 34 Sudan Nigeria 80 286 Liberia 96 Ghana 205 Cameroon 529 Gabon 219 DR Congo 217 Somalia 105 Japan 88 India 424 Oman 18 Yemen 340 Taiwan 136 Vietnam 303 Thailand 258 Indonesia 754 Mauritius 100 Australia 249 Botswana 58 Uruguay Philippines 373 Papua New Guinea 317 Sri Lanka 334 Malaysia 1,234 Madagascar 386 Namibia 216 Paraguay 38 Chile 62 Argentina 94 China 686 Iran 22 Saudi Arabia 18 Kenya 290 Tanzania 470 Angola 128 Bolivia 113 Mongolia 13 Turkey 54 Brazil 623 Peru 379 Finland Sweden 11 Norway 12 United Kingdom 24 Ireland France 78 Canada 46 207 New Caledonia 346 New Zealand 60 South Africa 300 Figure Distribution of rare plants in the world Data from IUCN (2010) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 2010.3 http:// www.iucnredlist.org Downloaded on 05 October 2010 WASHINGTON MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA VERMONT MICHIGAN MINNESOTA OREGON MAINE NEW HAMPSHIRE IDAHO WYOMING NEBRASKA NEVADA WISCONSIN SOUTH DAKOTA UTAH MASSACHUSETTS NEW YORK IOWA PENNSYLVANIA INDIANA ILLINOIS OHIO COLORADO KANSAS CALIFORNIA ARIZONA NEW MEXICO OKLAHOMA TEXAS MISSOURI ARKANSAS KENTUCKY TENNESSEE ALABAMA MISSISSIPPI RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT NEW JERSEY DELAWARE WEST VIRGINIA VIRGINIA MARYLAND NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA GEORGIA None known 1−4 5−10 LOUISIANA FLORIDA 11−30 >30 Figure Distribution of rare plants in the continental United States The ‘‘top 10’’ continental states for rare plants include six western states, and California clearly dominates Reproduced from Flather CH, Knowles MS, and Kendall IA (1998) Threatened and endangered species geography BioScience 48: 365–376 states (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming; Figure 2) (Flather et al., 1994) However, among U.S states Hawaii is the hot spot of endangerment: about 950 native plant species of Hawaii are extinct, endangered, or threatened (Raven et al., 1986) Endangerment patterns vary by habitat type Flather et al (1994) reported that 44% of threatened and endangered plants in the continental United States are found in rangelands Twenty-five percent of endangered plant species were associated with barren land or rocky habitats However, wetlands, which comprise only 5% of the land base, contain 15% of the listed species Endangerment patterns also vary by region and land-use characteristics In northern California, southern Nevada/ Sonoran Basin, and the eastern Gulf Coast, 450% of the listed species are associated with wetland habitats U.S Department of Defense lands, which comprise only 3.4% of federally administered lands, contain 26% of the listed species The high number of rare plants in the U.S Southwest when combined