University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1986 Pilgrimage and change : war peace and environment John John Francis The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits you Recommended Citation Francis, John John, "Pilgrimage and change : war peace and environment" (1986) Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers 7336 https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7336 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana For more information, please contact scholarworks@mso.umt.edu COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1975 Th i s sists is Any an unpublished further manuscript reprinting of in its which contents copyright must be BY THE a u t h o r Ma n s f i e l d L i b r a r y Un i v e r s i t y Date : of Mo n t a n a 198d Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission sub approved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission Pilgrimage Peace and and Change: War Environment by John B.S., Presented Southern in p a r t i a l for Francis Oregon State College, fulfillment the Master degree of University of the 1981 requirements of Science of Montana 1986 Approved by C h W r m W n , Board Examiners - r - ^ De a n , of Graduax^ School Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission UMI Number: EP38137 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion UMI Di«sart«tion Pubdmhmg UMI EP38137 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013) Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC All rights reserved This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code uest ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission Acknowledgements I want Erickson (Social Work) committee for chairperson dedication, My in to Dr discovering Birch paper gratitude who my committee and support, suggestions, want to ma y never also goes Dietrich pilgrimage taught me Roger tireless to my Ron Mary a nd advisor and giving, guidance have been written Dr, Paul Lauren to of war a social question Birch Dunsmore and (Religious as Dr Professor thank his understanding Paul members, Studies) Professor Without this broadening Tom their my I especially (Humanities) peace, thank (Environmental criticisms for to the it al l, (History) pursuit Studies) process, and who and of aided to me Dr including myself My the to winter Karen endless appreciation w a lk s , Boice job of for language goes to Dr, Dexter presence and editorial support and what her typing Finally, sign his also and I want comments, seemed to be for and an editing to t h a n k interpreter Roberts at my Sara final Miller for defense 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission her work as Table of Contents Page A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s il Chapter I II II I IV V VI V II VIII IX I n t r o d u c t i o n A B e g i n n i n g R e v o l u t i o n 32 S i l e n c e 48 Bamboo and Thousand-Mile The S u m m e r B r i d g e 63 Teachings in School R e f l e c t i o n War, of Peace, the and 59 W i l d e r n e s s E n v i r o n m e n t B i b l i o g r a p h y ill Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission 71 99 105 119 Chapter I Introduction T h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l c r i s i s is a n o u t w a r d m a n i f e s t a t i o n of a c r i s i s of m i n d a n d s p i r i t T h e r e c o u l d be no g r e a t e r m i s c o n c e p t i o n of its m e a n i n g t h a n to b e l i e v e it to be c o n c e r n e d o n l y w i t h e n d a n g e r e d w i l d l i f e , h u m a n - m a d e ugl in es s, and pollution T h e s e a r e p a r t of it, b u t m o r e i m p o r t a n t l y , t h e c r i s i s is c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e k i n d of c r e a t u r e s we a r e a n d w h a t we m u s t b e c o m e if we a r e to s u r v i v e L y n t o n K Caldwell I have begun around-the-worId my education earth this and journey, the raise th e as urge to including those pilgrimage historians, and as a and which has number the and ethnographer anthropologist Metaphors) is literature have me in the and not part written others Arnold much major be is on by is as the old historical tribal cultures amount of theologians, staggering van Turner to It The is to experience new all of promote society, smaller Victor added as I came Meso-America scientists Belgian fo r roots of — consciousness, meaning has and journey How pilgrimage Egypt related P a s s a g e ) and and of social times, of wander, well the eighteen-year peace pilgrimage concept an sailing world as paper as Fields, well of religions recent and of this and — environmental concept The of walking stewardship, subject as to a pilgrimage the Gennep (R i t e s (D r a m a s , empirical Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission In understanding was able pilgrim to as liminal pilgrim is that of a of first and the pilgrimage begins phase is slow where I find the and the pilgrim The at pilgrimage or as "anti-structure** because nature all questions suggests most new total an intense place feeling time, In danger in of bu t It is can to will be every separation during which and the to the the third pilgrimage society It is t he of my van phase of story the G e n n e p 's s e c o n d unclear, is social but it is and th a t new Turner and understand ignore rules and the one experience transcends ages there is a Such knowledge the very " c o m m u n i t a s ," that pilgrimage approach a certain its calls all an by is community from or the possibilities, pilgrims what recognized change structural these pilgrims usually Turner a structure Of empirical yield to may social kinship uniting a strictly events, it researchers attempting investigations and by which which he r e f e r r e d when to Gennep writing agent other brotherhood and with possibilities mentioned of returns liminal an second of structure, transition this that occurs boundaries second was Van through state social familiar myself phase which process phases ambiguous fixed it s a social f a m il ia r ; the of no as distinct reaggregation, from of the sort separation In The from part completed power three m u s t 'p a s s detachment is pilgrimage define or was of of spirit the or Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission objects creative Chapter Wa r, Peace, and IX Environment M a n y l a b o r u n d e r the i l l u s i o n that o n l y w a r is e v i l a n d t h a t o n l y if it c o u l d be a v e r t e d man c o u l d go o n ,p e a c e f u l l y to c r e a t e p a r a d i s e on Earth W h a t is f o r g o t t e n is th a t in b o t h the s t a t e of w a r a n d p e a c e m a n is w a g i n g i n c e s s a n t war upon nature T h e E n c o u n t e r of M a n and Nature, S e y y e d N a s r , Ï968 It that wa s Ib e g a n was Land Walk" le d by the on way Europe Columbia and Pilgrimage" Texas ideals such social justice modern-day social as as the I was Anderson, human are eighteen pilgrims across on bu t California way were to were the when as S t a t e s to on the being themes social my "Peace "New the And Jack Holy the " W o r l d Peace a group the Pantex Plant where assembled in peace related environmental create journey by F a t h e r comprising of w o r l d captured known led to M o s c o w nearing unifying none touring pilgrims students rights, — woman the on my Bet h l e h e m Peace the U n i t e d promotion the pilgrims change; did "The warheads The embarking others University n a t i o n ’s n u c l e a r Amarillo, me its of after Hall, with several in "Plowshares of a group C B was very long hearing Pilgrimage," Morris, no t and sanity, connecting dialogue imagination an d t h es e and and effect inspired Pilgrim," Morning a photograph Peace Center stapled to t h e 105 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission in wall 106 caught my attention determined look, dark sh e tunic host, Robert, garden showed striding wore was project It were down two talking when he a silver-haired a country words, about noticed "Peace th e me road woman with Across a the P i l g r i m " My c e n t e r ’s v e g e t a b l e stopped in front of the picture "You know I shook of the about my head heard of about a half her," He handed the it to he a s k e d take in m o r e carefully removed It w a s P i l g r i m , Her cover was penniless, carrying people been she she details I felt humbled It w a s had up a u t o m o b i l e s given to picture the Works In more Her of h a v e n ’t the country the wall cover Own and than message her from folded photograph walked by across yo u 25,000 peac e , lifestyle of a Words a few an d On paragraphs mile s , and because how she l i ve d believed Immediately walking, Life a simple inspired t he actually a smaller had I ’m s u r p r i s e d " S h e ’s w a l k e d times." to me had Pilgrim said that able I tried a dozen Peace back he explaining what as d o n ’t y o u ? " w o m a n ’s i m a g e " T h a t ’s P e a c e book her, but see for the f i r s t a a kinship time not lifetime a clearer and I d ju s t for In h e r reflection of at heard the same of a n y o n e that a few mo nt hs I thought myself time of I would That Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission she be had 107 walked back nearly made me three question Peace times, with and was w o m a n a yes," true she on she accident a few that Pilgrim the path for me to of and By my the my in m y Anderson people introduced me, "She at to was pack several she me Pilgrim and h ad stayed her a remarkable was People I did won't the walking get had not in use like to m e e t killed irony, that it, her, an a u t o m o b i l e north, I fel t th e los s wondering who Peace experiences a nd miles "as before her I had inquiry touched introduced the "saint." you what had message reached received recorded shape contents on her ago." life time I began took of clothes and delivered her might life her onto hold others? and 25,000 the through "Peace word that a pilgrim, I had had one describe head What winter, she the years the letters, passed said, bad afternoon wa s th e Robert continued Shaking left at too though," than only saint." occasion ” It's with that center I cringed word had happened th e "Oh more Pilgrim it at decades a a copy into he r tapes an d Peace Pilgrim, prayer me The Washington of life personal and who Peace walked leaflet with penniless inspire she for book reading, interviews to stopped Pilgrim's through a chance brief and Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission ove r others," carried aptly: people 108 Y o u m a y s e e he r w a l k i n g t h r o u g h yo ur t o w n or a l o n g t he h i g h w a y — a s i l v e r - h a i r e d w o m a n d r e s s e d in n a v y b l u e s l a c k s a n d s h i r t , an d a s h o r t t u n i c w i t h p o c k e t s a l l a r o u n d th e b o t t o m in w h i c h sh e c a r r i e s he r o n l y w o r l d l y p o s s e s s i o n s It say s " P e a c e P i l g r i m " in w h i t e l e t t e r s on the f r o n t of the t u n i c a n d " , 0 M i l e s On F o o t for P e a c e " on the back H o w e v e r , sh e c o n t i n u e s to wal k , for her v o w is, "I s h a l l r e m a i n a w a n d e r e r u n t i l m a n k i n d has l e a r n e d t h e w a y of p e a c e , w a l k i n g u n t i l I am g i v e n s h e l t e r a n d f a s t i n g u n t i l I am g i v e n f o o d " Sh e w a l k s w i t h o u t a p e n n y in h e r p o c k e t s an d she is not a f f i l i a t e d w it h any o r g a n i z a t i o n She w a l k s a s a p r a y e r a n d a c h a n c e to i n s p i r e o t h e r s to pra y a n d w o r k w i t h h e r for p e a c e S h e s p e a k s to i n d i v i d u a l s a l o n g the w a y , to g a t h e r i n g s s u c h as c h u r c h g r o u p s or c o l l e g e g r o u p s , t h r o u g h n ew sp ap e r s , ma ga zi ne s , radio, televi si on — r e l a t i n g i n t e r e s t i n g and m e a n i n g f u l e xp erience, d i s c u s s i n g p ea ce w i t h i n and w ith ou t She f e e l s we h a v e l e a r n e d t h a t w a r is not t h e w a y to p ea c e — t h a t s e c u r i t y d o e s n o t l i e in s t o c k p i l e s of bombs S h e p o i n t s o u t t h a t t h i s is a c r i s i s p e r i o d in h u m a n h i s t o r y , a n d t h a t we w h o l i v e in the w o r l d today must choose between a nuclear w ar of a n n i h i l a t i o n and a g o l d e n age of peace Although s h e d o e s not a s k to s e e r e s u l t s , t h o u s a n d s of l e t t e r s t e s t i f y t h a t her j o u r n e y has not be e n in v a i n s a y i n g in e f f e c t , " S i n c e t a l k i n g w i t h you I ’ve d e c i d e d t h a t I s h o u l d be d o i n g s o m e t h i n g for peace also." In a poor 1908, farming northeastern Peace family town Pilgrim on Despite t he natural surrounding w as room grow," to favorable we have to preparing In she beginnings and the of Norman outskirts the customarily woods calling begin we of poverty, fields, sa i d , We Mildred to this prepare have was born into a small she s a w w e a l t h in and creeks.There her for no i d e a " v e r y the wh a t work we are for." contrast to the tolerant and humble person Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission that of 109 later years, debating others Norman team to and take and to shoes her had th e she captain a commanding notice trademark, get was Makeup often dyed made of special trips her other not she was especially other and dissaproved friends would on who were But it w a s not the bring no t and the her for get there and These conflicting my believe childhood eventually after she spending grab I uprooted it As if that on s a i d, making more a City p e r so n, of he r money "a n d to than my false to A l a n t i c claimed sister's started at same for the of she I must the w o r l d ’s I gathered some w as to be time successful training." of w h a t got her which money things trained share me and "I wa s be philosophies this foolishly that Peace confused were (L A T i m e s / / 86 ) I wanted more environment discovered completely time This easy, didn from But happened and that t ne e d wa s meaningless Norman increasingly were that clothes a tolerant pilgrimage u n s e l f i s h , " she to goods that the trained out class realization happiness preparation generous of demanded fashion Suprisingly, races, school tha t expensive accessories of high presence and to m a t c h her looked about uncomfortable that the sh e world had she became so m u c h w h i l e others starving "Finally turning point I had came to when, find in another desperation way," and she out said of Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission "Th e a very 110 deep seeking night for through a meaningful the woods I came prayed (Af.ter h e r death, Ann speculated that an Rush unsuccessful automobile walk of in her th e woods all of one I walked to a m o o n l i t the the years life, longtime was and of prior night, friends, combined death glade and John father prompted which one and unhappiness of h er that all lead in of an Norman to t he to vision pilgrimage.) "I felt reservation, service peace two two it marriage accident way a complete to give 'Please us e came over me "I tell you t i m e on, I have p e a c e p e a c e individuals, However, among there's fo r me lay between.” pilgrimage; attained, I prayed that my nations, of to your deal life years peace without of wa s it th e among actually preparation to P e a c e s h e sa i d no o t h e r defined stature, that she had "a attitude four taken in life life And would steps, inner — to a great for peace being 'g i v i n g ' y o u r and among peace between inner life, seeking Pilgrim's peace besides preparation Being be groups, difference key she toward and any no r e t u r n f r o m th a t life work peace my God of great without dedicate a and right to important fifteen Inner me!* — a v e r y , very give and life i t ’s ap o i n t known and 'w i l l i n g ' to my willingness, willing c o u l d be a humble Th e to Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission first fa c e was life Ill squarely, she said, life the verities where If knew t he comes whole to cannot this, you you tha t will disguise If The life d id second professed worlds and not fac e of that but had the certain not the principles more interrelatedness of the from these adhering was our "So to l i v e The in l i f e ' s to play from within seeking if of you problem your When ev er life, you that perceive opportunities yo u would I g ot all the third in to in just that environment The who the our things people plan There guidance in laws She have Ol d we m o v e difficulty we enemies," sai d project This in " our special exactly the is a g u i d a n c e suggested a receptive the Barry further worst finding of the I believed two listen." the c r eat ed interesting wa s ecology with more own a harmonious of eye" with preparation all an dealing good God's for on a v e r y "No theories in k e e p i n g "We are busy living governed principles lives pattern part t ry to laws "ey e Ecology" Peace no in are w i t h earliest of for tha t problems, to C o m m o n e r 's " L a w s create picture, growth problems surface foun d a purpose inner tha t whole realize not h a v e step beings, Testament, the are th e life." Reminiscent Peace would your beneath realities you recognize you through and down see does to ge t could story, contribute you drift only "and silence Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission sam e which that place c om e s people "I used 112 to walk her amid talks, insights people in of the to work did Pilgrim, should act p ur e Such It is s he only a fairly when we prerequisite no m a t t e r began her pilgrimage, "The M o m e n t th e for suggests, regardlesss of any January Henry of action, much as motive, can private them to it the physically Bugbee even much of suggests any we at all effect sa m e year published that his in w h i c h he ultimate motives effects for Peace are action will the the our for skepticism in E x p e r i e n c e , " be homes troubled motives that 1953, the and to pure and our preclude whether that and over determining however, their given G I helped with statement of of effect." ingenuous, Obligation difficulty justification He of In the were determined might how world good one projects assisting motives in as have in I worked startling misleading beginning disturbed, and during wonderful gardening ill, period our explored not a in paper, My said and time ailments a positive is action, change recuperating a historical statement some psychologically was the errands, I spent various have in with she silent, In handicapped This Her and the mentally ways nature/' and to me them their teenagers, my come elderly of receptive simple reading overcome beauties "just would by and the the be of our good; T h a t s p i r i t o u t of w h i c h m e n m a y b e n e f i t e a c h o t h e r m o s t p r o f o u n d l y s e e m s to b e a r on thei r actions, h o w e v e r co mp le x and planned, with s i m p l i c i t y and d i r e c tne ss P e r h a p s e v e n an Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission pur e or actions, 113 i n t e n t i o n of our c a p a c i t y benefiting to so others is irrelevant to (Bugbee, It process that motive as is we as can they development, subjective when she have to and pilgrim is is the us an through Norman "We this are evolution, nature in the c r e a t i v e fascination important the the comes of of closest for customarily we have idea no the w o r k what This creative state is similar van Gennep's study of rites neither connected to w h e r e he of in of our to t o u c h i n g prepare purity c h an ge , organization to in for consideration process begin for." phase he motives life liminal and into transcend move states, preparing where insight Granted, much the by p 6) on this that we we are to of the passage has been when or going: Y e t it is o n l y as th e w o r k is d o n e tha t the m e a n i n g of th e c r e a t i v e e f f o r t can a p p e a r and that t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of the a r t i s t b r o u g h t a b o u t by it is a t t a i n e d ( G h i s e l i n , p 13) The life." fourth "Just Peace, "I felt after that need while others This moved me thought great it many and to would is "t h e simplification to I could longer accept world have l e s s tha n they life down to a n e e d leve l t he bring a was myself in be step dedicating my no difficult hardships, "There final bu t great service," mo r e I t h o u g h it w o u l d I was quite freedom in of sai d tha n I need I entail a wrong simplicity of Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission l i v i ng 114 and after between I began be be the take few feel inner and outer There was no preparation could to to inner condensed last step whatever steps, it steps will I found harmony in my life well-being." special order peace Norman or fo r this, expanded another," seem in the even "Th e of suggested first step for you, easier for you an d th a t for she a c k n o w l e d g e d easiest become steps one "So as you to t a k e a th e y may just take a fe w tnore " It was with its most deeply words this articulation succession For a crude that I had Once again, of me ma p, steps her an d embarked on Merton says her toward spirit perhaps the of peace , served for the invisible (Zacher, inner pilgrimage, tha t t o u c h e d me as a g u i d e and first I realized time journey her We all had p 92): T h e g e o g r a p h i c a l p i l g r i m a g e is the s y m b o l i c a c t i n g o u t of an i n n e r j o u r n e y T h e i n n e r j o u r n e y is the e x t r a p o l a t i o n of th e m e a n i n g a n d s i g n s of the o u t e r p i l g r i m a g e , o n e ca n h a v e one w i t h o u t the other I t ’s b e s t to h a v e both Mer ton 1964 After Norman England was completing sitting high countryside when "I for a hike on of a hill t he the Appalachian overlooking inspiration for T r l, the N e w he r pilgrimage came : out went a thought out struck my a time alone mind : I felt with God a strong While inner Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission I was 115 motivation of toward witnessing t he for I saw, in m y the United States though someone zigzag line across, And Los garb of that was a m i n d 's eye, my with toward this special vision a m ap marked — a colored crayon coast New walking I saw, large cities taken to myself mission the had Angeles — way peace wearing from pilgrimage to c o a s t and my first of year's it was as and m ar ke d b o r d e r to and the and Yor k City.I k ne w what of along a border, I was to pilgrimage route in 1953! "I blessed entered with "I a pilgrim a meaningful realized to step the M c C a r t h y era congressional could time prove and a new and 1952 at was its certainly a time fo r pilgrim's job to a war it w a s considered to There My li f e was people proper was It was people was step from time raging for and a ti m e w h e n guilty g r ea t be a p a t h e t i c p i l g r i m to rouse the in K o r e a height innocence safest is that The committees world purpose forth was their it in wonderful Yes, fear at it wa s forward, apathy until they that most because and make a them think "With only for done paper my by and first a the last bit of money I had stencil fo r my first messages tunic lady in Although California, I designed and the left, it, I bought not but m a t e r i a l the lettering sewing was Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission was painted 116 by a man first who put it immediately On all the on to to a In name, freer accident Unlike Parade, Roses after she destruction, t o d a y ’s p e a c e us therefore that it is particular more of goals intensely the not signs makes our own religious of of the it, left and I I behind history backdrop began of twenty-eight in She the her ’’g l o r i o u s new years transition an a u t o m o b i l e pilgrim the In light, th e to the the or w o r l d ’s i m m i n e n t perhaps the of nuclear annihilation vision more action, a nd past, and apocalyptic vagaries with of threat doctrine by apparent her pilgrim, of o u r shared this she killed creation th e personal Norman the for pilgrims th i s environment her was alluding demanding interpretation and called eschatological What when Indiana vague facing reaction personal before walking she millenarian the and of interpreting recognizes Mildred property, what Kn o x , 1953, and l i f e , ” when near initial ’r i g h t n e s s ’ a b o u t Pilgrim, 1983, made My it.” Y e a r ’s day, Peace Pilgrim painter a wonderful Tournament pilgrimage Peace was her name Pasadena a sign accepted New claims took was not is th e the w or l d , real and realization product of any superstitious in nature incorporate universal The tha t concerns motivation which for is peace and all i m p o r t a n t ance saintliness or purity of of P e a c e motive, Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission Pilgrim but her is 117 humanness and sincerity, accepted th e she the is h u m b l e obligation K u r o s a w a ’s h e r o action peace of sincerity who service, with man and an d of uses and of he r actions ordinary,,.a extraordinary the li k e last other year For in person w ho action, of pilgrims hi s as life on her the has did in the path of nature: W e m a y f i n d o u r s e l v e s a c t i n g u n d e r gre a t d i f f i c u l t y ; o u r r e s o u r c e s m a y be t a x e d to the l i m i t ; we m a y be f a c e d w i t h a m o s t u n c e r t a i n f u t u r e ; a n d the f a i l u r e of e n t e r p r i s e s on w h i c h we h a v e set o u r h e a r t s m a y s t a r e us in the face; yet, u n d e r g e n u i n e o b l i g a t i o n , we m a y s t a n d and s t an d f i r m , we m a y ac t d e c i s i v e l y (Bug b ee , p 6) * * * Mountain Sraokless, gold Fall on Fire and from crimson every flames tree Idaho-Montana Twinkling pink clouds golden summit the drivers this blended larch th e along were two was climbing the listen to the walk Perhaps sh e road had and she the on had hill inside felt sky, My Rusty-red setting running, if P e a c e feet said same, 1984 off hillsides X wondered that the dawn the engines I wondered last nagging with a light-blue trucks, sure that faded into sleeping way I after stars border they she but hu rt I took two Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission at fogge d, P i l g r i m had ach e d, the Parked windows wha t and come felt I did not too m u c h aspirin, to 113 ignored was the little following pain, and traffic the path, moved Walking because slowly eas t , we onto the I crossed highway into must Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission There Montana, 119 Bibliography Books Giselin, American Brewster Library M i l l e r Jr., California: The T y l e r G Wadsworth Creative Process Turner, London: Victor Cornell X, M a l c o l m , Grove Press, Peace York: L i v i n g in the E n v i r o n m e n t P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y , 1979 Picard, Max T h e W o r l d of S i l e n c e R e g n e r y / G a t e w a y , I n c , 1952 P i l gr im, Peace T r e e , 1983 New Pilgrim South Santa Fe, Bend, Z a c h e r , C h r i s t i a n K Curiosity Johns H o p k i n s U n i v e r s i t y Press, of M a l c o l m Belmont, Indiana: New Mexico: D r a m a s , F i e l d s , an d M e t a p h o r s U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 14 The Au t o - b i o g r a p h y 1965 New X Ocean Ithica New and P i l g r i m a g e 1976 and York: Baltimore: Journals B u g b e e Jr , H e n r y G " T h e Experience," The Journal ( J a n u a r y ) : pp 1-15 M o m e n t of O b l i g a t i o n in of R e l i g i o n Vol X X X I I I , No Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission ... her their was own about was and brother mentally in the awareness, and ecology manifest back-to-nature family's Black County and to and denied incompetent take-over and claiming the M a r i n... Meso-America scientists Belgian fo r roots of — consciousness, meaning has and journey How pilgrimage Egypt related P a s s a g e ) and and of social times, of wander, well the eighteen-year peace. .. permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission Pilgrimage Peace and and Change: War Environment by John B.S., Presented Southern in p a r t i a l for Francis Oregon