THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADER IN PROMOTING ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN VIETNAM’S HIGHER EDUCATION

THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADER IN PROMOTING ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN VIETNAM’S HIGHER EDUCATION Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Error! Bookmark not defined LIST OF TABLETS .Error! Bookmark not defined LIST OF FIGURES .Error! Bookmark not defined LIST OF ABBEREVIATIONS .Error! Bookmark not defined CERTIFICATION Error! Bookmark not defined STATEMENT OF OGINALITY Error! Bookmark not defined ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background of the Research 1.3 Problem Statement 1.4 Research Aims and Objectives 1.5 Research Questions 10 1.6 The significance of the Research 11 1.7 Organization of Chapters 12 1.8 Summary 13 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Vietnam’s Higher Education Background 14 2.2.1 The context 14 2.2.2 The role of Academic Research in Vietnam’s Higher Education 25 2.2.3 Implementing policies of Government to promote Academic Research 27 2.3 Leadership – A stimulate for continuous researching 29 2.3.1 The concept of Leadership 29 2.3.2 Definition of Transformational Leadership 32 2.3.3 Characteristics of Transformational Leadership 37 2.3.4 Transformational Leadership effects on school performance 41 2.3.5 Transformational Leadership effects on motivating research on Higher Education 43 2.4 Academic Research – Improving the Individual Performance in research 47 2.4.1 The concept of Academic Research 47 2.4.2 Type of Academic Research 48 2.4.3 The importance of Academic Research 49 2.4.4 Individual Performance represents Academic Research performance 61 2.5 Employee Engagement – The moderator of relationship between Transformational Leadership and Individual Performance 62 2.5.1 The concept of Employee Engagement 63 2.5.2 The relationship between Transformational Leadership and Individual Performance 65 2.5.3 The relationship between Transformational Leadership and Employee Engagement 68 2.5.4 The relationship between Employee Engagement and Individual Performance 71 2.6 Research Hypotheses and Framework 72 2.7 Summary 76 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 77 3.1 Introduction 77 3.2 Research Design 77 3.3 Research Population and Sample size 79 3.4 Data Collection Methods and Tools 83 3.5 Identification of Variables and build Measurement Scales 87 3.5.1 Transformational Leadership Measurement Scale 88 3.5.2 Employee Engagement Measurement Scale 93 3.5.3 Individual Performance Measurement Scale 95 3.6 Summary 97 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 98 4.1 Descriptive statistics of survey samples 98 4.2 Evaluate scale reliability 101 4.3 Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) 107 4.3.1 Analyzing EFA independent variables 109 4.3.2 EFA variable analysis 111 4.3.3 Analysis of EFA dependent variables 112 4.4 Correlation analysis 114 4.5 Inspection of theoretical models and research hypotheses 115 4.5.1 “Centering” and creating interactive variables 115 4.5.2 Hierarchical regression analysis strategy 116 4.5.3 Verification of violations of necessary regression hypotheses 117 4.6 Testing the relevance of the model 120 4.6.1 Assess the level of explanation of the model 120 4.6.2 Check the suitability of the model 123 4.7 Regression results 124 4.8 Hypotheses test results 129 4.9 Conclusion 130 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 131 5.1 Brief Synopsis of the Research 131 5.2 Conclusion of the Findings 132 5.3 Recommendations 135 5.3.1 Characteristics of Transformational Leadership style in Higher Education 135 5.3.2 Policies 138 5.4 Research limitation and future development 144 REFERENCES .Error! 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Bookmark not defined ABSTRACT Higher education sector in Vietnam has always been considered most affected to sociality Since the needs and expectations of society on the issue of the contribution for national intelligence that making education reform and innovation continuous In particular, the issue of academic research has great importance in contributing intellectual property to the national and strengthen the standing position in international rankings of higher education facility To accomplish this, the role and responsibilities of the leader in the higher education institution is enormous Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate leadership style to higher education institutions and the role of the leader in promoting academic research in universities Excellent and effective leadership is needed to develop employees as a sustainable competitive advantage Reality shows that leaders of organizations have difficulty in speeding up the performance of their followers Individual performance have been studied and evaluated in both scholarly and practical literature Employee engagement is a moderator concept established in organizational theory, but it also offers a variety of views and theories In summary, this study shows that the effectiveness in choosing the right type of leadership will help increase the performance of employees in the organization CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Chapter one will cover the following sections: Background of the research, Problem statement, Research aims and objectives, Research questions, The significant of the study, Organization of chapters and Summary Background of the research will briefly introduce the topic of study and the object that will be studied This section will provide information that is discussed throughout the paper Therefore, the reader can understand the reason for conducting the study Problem statement will provide actual current context, problems are encountered and it will be analyzed as well as given the results of this study (Mark, 2015) Formulating research aims and objectives is one of the important aspects of the thesis This section defines the scope, depth and overall direction of the study The objective is simply to answer a question (Robert & Katie, 2017) However, that question has no simple answer and the answer can go deep and divided into lots of questions and solve each part separately (John, 2018) With each question, the research objectives will change and research methods will change accordingly The results of the research objectives provide the answer to the research question From the discussion and review of the literature, the author proposes a conceptual framework to establish hypotheses include independent variable, intermediate variable and dependent variable (Robert, 2017) Establishing significance of the study is divided into two parts that are meaningful for research and meaning for practice This section highlights the importance of research for the other researches in the future It provides information to the reader and the ways research will contribute It also highlights the benefits this research brings to the community and the potential for other researchers in the field of leadership and higher education In the introduction to the research method, the author will list the processes and tools used to collect and analyze the data The next step is to outline the processes used to collect and process the data systematically Research methods clearly help the reader assess the overall reliability of the study The research organization is to establish in brief the content of each chapter that is designed to achieve the objectives of the research paper, as well as the system in a scientific and easy-to-visual way for the followers Finally, the summary will briefly summarize chapter one and introduce chapter two 1.2 Background of the Research Leadership style is a key factor to the success of every organization Leadership style reflects the vision of the leader, influences the staff, and decides to build a strategy to achieve the vision of the organization (Paul & Doug, 2018) Appropriate leadership style will motivate employees to achieve their goals, and even make them work harder to overcome their limits to achieve greater results for the organization In addition, leadership style will also help employees improve their satisfaction, engagement and loyalty to the organization (Fil, 2019) Human resources are always considered as a valuable asset of business and society Today, organizations need not only high-quality human resources, but also desire to promote individual performance of employees (David, 2018) Individual performance is an important factor creating a competitive advantage for the organization And how to motivate employees to improve individual performance is always a challenge for leaders The role of leaders in higher education institutions is not an easy task, so leaders should create links around them When leaders treat their followers as excellent individuals and attract their hopes and desires, a dynamic spiral effect will emerge and be maintained throughout until meet the defined goal (Yulk, 2013) Employees will contribute to the organization more, they will increase motivation, thereby increasing productivity This can lead to an effort for the organization towards innovation with shared views and commitment to a common vision Finally, individuals may be linked to complete the task "that they can reach a level of synergy in which the whole is greater than the sum of the parts" (Northouse, 2015) This study will focus on investigating the role of Transformational Leadership model in promoting academic research in institutions of higher education in Vietnam The concept of "Transformational Leadership" will be analyzed in order to clarify its influence on the performance of each individual (Bass & Riggio, 2006) In addition, employee engagement will be considered as a moderator variable for the relationship between the transformational leader and an individual performance Therefore, the study will use case study to have investigated and analyzed And the data will be collected to analyze and clarify the research questions of this investigation 1.3 Problem Statement The current context of higher education in Vietnam is changing, the role of leaders is expanding, and leaders are facing enormous challenges: globalization, the 4.0 revolution, the competition for quality human resources, government funding for education cuts by public debt and external debt increased All of them put pressure on the university leaders (Nguyen Van Phuc, 2018) A typical type of leadership in effective leadership will promote innovation and advancement in higher education and academic research Therefore, an important function of effective leadership is to motivate employees toward academic research productivity (Joshua & Jamie, 2015) According to Ministry of Education and Training (2018), Vietnam now has nearly 300 universities and colleges However, there are no higher education institutions in the top 500 worldwide and top 350 Asia The reason is that the amount of scientific research, or scientific journal articles not meet the standards and international requirements set out The problem in this study indicate the importance of the academic research for rating the quality of a university (VTV, 2018) To obtain the academic research of international standard, it requires the performance of individuals whose contributions in higher education institutions Therefore, the role of leaders will impact to individual performance through the characteristics of leadership Types of leadership have been classified according to a number of principles in previous studies, such as transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style (Bass, 1990) In particular, the most cited and suggested theories are the transformational leadership styles In recent years, transformational leadership styles have been proposed as an effective leadership style that can transform traditional management practices in the education field to improve team effectiveness (Klaus, 2015) Transformational leadership is defined as one of the leaders who creates positive and positive changes for those who follow more than other leadership styles because transformational leadership styles are using their influence for subordinate, while the transactional style use rewards or punishments based on the results of work (Michael, 2013) This research aims to investigate the styles and approaches of transformational leadership, and the leadership behaviors that are relevant to the effectiveness of higher education The research process consists of two separate tasks, the first being a systematic search of the literature that includes leadership styles related to employee engagement and individual performance in higher education studies The second element is a series of surveys with scholars who have engaged in leadership research in higher education, or leadership in general 1.4 Research Aims and Objectives Setting objectives and aims as appropriate study is one of the most important aspects in the thesis The final result of the research goal provides the answer to the research question Research objectives are often divided into several parts and dealt with separately Moreover, the research objectives specify what needs to be studied, so it will include steps to address the research goal to achieve the expected results In this study, the author identified One Aims and Five Objectives:  Aims: Study the impact of transformational leadership that affects the individual performance in Vietnam’s higher education  Objectives: - Demonstrate that the Idealized Influence Attribution (IA) of transformational leadership styles effects to individual performance - Desmontrate that the Idealized Influence Behavior (IB) of transformational leadership styles positively related to individual performance - Demonstrate that the Individualized Consideration (IC) of transformational leadership styles helps employees develop their strengths to change individual performance - Demonstrate that the Inspirational Motivation (IM) of transformational leadership styles creates motivation to individual performance - Demonstrate that the Intellectual Stimulation (IS) of transformational leadership styles provides oppoirtunities for employees to increase individual performance 1.5 Research Questions A research question is the basic core of a research project or document review (Bill & Mark, 2017) It focuses on research, identifying methods and guiding all stages of learning, analysis and reporting The most important step in the study is to have a clear research question and the research question is a statement that effects on the relationship between Transformartional Leadership (TL) and Individual Performance (IP) H6.3 Pay satisfaction has positive moderator effects on the relationship between Transformartional Leadership (TL) and Accepted Individual Performance (IP) H6.4 Create a supportive work environment has positive moderator relationship between Leadership (TL) effects on the Transformartional and Rejected Individual Performance (IP) H6.5 Contribute on nature of career has positive moderator effects on the relationship between Transformartional Leadership (TL) Rejected and Individual Performance (IP) 4.9 Conclusion Chapter four presents and discusses analytical results to address research objectives and research questions In this chapter, the characteristics of independent variables and dependent variables are also described and explained in detail Proceed with testing 32 observable variables (including elements of the Independent Variables Transformational Leadership: 20 variables; Employee Engagement Moderator variable: variables; Individual Performance Dependent variable: variables) The scales of factors affecting Individual performance with 32 observed variables, after the Cronbach Alpha reliability test has eliminated variable, the remaining 31 variables are included in the EFA factor analysis Correlation analysis is also carried out to ensure compliance with regression analysis Inspection and detection of assumptions on assumptions and regression analysis are specified in this chapter All data and analysis results are derived from data processing results of SPSS software The results of the regression analysis show that all Transformational Leadership style characteristics has the same impact on Individual performance In chapter five below, from the results of the study, the author will present the conclusions drawn from the study and proposal development for future research to clarify further the content is limited CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Brief Synopsis of the Research The purpose of this study was to analyse and define the role of Transformational Leadership as well as methods to promote the academic research of higher education institutions through cases study in fact has been mentioned in the introduction In particular, to answer the research questions and research objectives, this study was based on theories and data collection information in practice to be able to go to the final answer First, the characterization of Transformational leadership has been shown from the theory of Bass (1978, 2008, 2018) and the survey questionnaire from those involved From these characteristics, the role of Transformational leadership has been clarified and verified with the employment practices of the organization's leadership in promoting academic research in higher education establishments Second, the influence of Transformational leadership on strategies to enhance academic research performance Strategy here means that the practical work of the leader, to make appropriate policies to encourage organizations and researchers devoted organization capabilities to achieve their quality and quantity of their research techniques according to international standards In summary, the study has completed the requirements of an academic research paper is to answer the research questions and objectives, and goals set out The results showed that, in the context of education in Vietnam is still limited and budgetary autonomy, but academic research has been aimed at the background to reach advanced academic research of the world In particular, the role of leadership is appreciated transformational in promoting issues of micro factors research staff in higher education establishments 5.2 Conclusion of the Findings Through research findings from survey questionnaire answers show that the theory of Bass Transformational leadership (1978, 2008, 2018) is almost exact when applied to reality There are many requirements to require Transformational leadership in personality traits, however, this leadership style is appropriate to the context of higher education in developing countries by giving high efficiency From these characteristics will shape their role in the organization in promoting and encouraging employees to focus and develop academic study The survey results also show that participants are fully satisfied with the policies of their leaders put in place, this is an important factor in promoting from within and outside The survey results also emphasized that the Transformational leadership will actually be effective when they have been allowed autonomy in organizations, especially on the budget In summary, the results of the investigation were to clarify the role and importance in the impact on the individual of Transformational leadership in organizations From the results of data analysis in chapter four, five hypotheses from five characteristics of Transformational leadership include: Idealized Influence Attribution (IA), Idealized Influence Behavior (IB), Individualized Consideration (IC), Inspirational Motivation (IM), and Intellectual Stimulation (IS) that all gain satisfaction and acceptance from five research questions: - What is Idealized Influence Attribution (IA) feature in transformational leadership styles that affects to individual performance? - What is Idealized Influence Behavior (IB) of transformational leadership styles positively related to individual performance? - What is Individualized Consideration (IC) feature in transformational leadership styles helps employees develop their strengths to change individual performance? - What is Inspirational Motivation (IM) feature in transformational leadership styles creates motivation to individual performance? - What is Intellectual Stimulation (IS) feature in transformational leadership styles provides opportunities for employees to increase individual performance? And one main research question: "How can the Transformational Leadership to Promoting academic research in Vietnam’s higher education?" The research results have clarified the relationship between characteristics of Transformational leadership style to individual performance of staffs and lecturers, namely academic research performance at universities in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi Therefore, the findings solve the research objectives set out This study also confirmed that the support content from the theoretical basis is completely consistent with the context of Vietnam, in which Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi are two big cities of Vietnam, the most dynamic places and attracting many investment resources, especially high quality human resources The research model is composed of elements of characteristics of Transformational leadership style that affect Individual performance Cronbach’s Alpha is used to check the reliability of scale characteristics of transformational leadership style, which shows that the measurement scales used in the research have high reliability The factor exploratory factor EFA retains the same factors as desired, only reducing one observed variable of the scale of Employee engagement with low total correlation coefficient (less than 0.3), that is EE5 variable (Nature of career: Transformational Leadership styles contribute on nature of career for employee engagement, Corrected Item-Total Correlation = 0.279) The removal of this observed variable does not affect the proposed research model Correlation and regression analysis are used to clarify the relationship between the characteristics of Transformational leadership style and Individual performance of staffs and lecturers Correlation analysis shows that all characteristics of transformational leadership are correlated with statistical significance of individual performance of employees Evaluation results of conformity testing showed that the linear regression model was built in accordance with the data set The results of regression analysis show that five characteristics of transformational leadership has an impact on individual performance of employees In it, three elements are Idealized Influence Attribution (IA), Intellectual Stimulation (IS), and Individualized Consideration (IC) strongly effects on Individual performance This result shows that employees perceive a leader's assessment based on the leaders' actions, not just what the leader says Therefore, leaders in higher education institutions generally need to improve their leadership behavior in order to improve the academic research performance, thereby improving the quality of work as well as quality of employees in the organization, and contributing to increasing the operational efficiency of the organization in the context of increasingly fierce competition in the current education environment 5.3 Recommendations Based on the analysis of research results in chapter four, it is clear that the leaders themselves can fully influence the personal performance of employees through developing appropriate leadership behaviors according to transformational leadership style This is one of the leadership styles that many leaders are pursuing because of the positive points it brings to the organization, to the staff itself and the leader Therefore, the author proposes some content in the following areas: 5.3.1 Characteristics of Transformational Leadership style in Higher Education  Idealized Influence Attribution (IA) This factor that has the strongest impact on the individual performance level of employees Therefore, leaders need to have a consistent attitude and a confident and professional style To be able to create a positive influence, leaders must know how to coordinate the problems of the organization in a timely manner Followers tend to imitate the behavior and attitudes of people they respect Also is the working environment, especially in the higher education environment, leaders are not only good at their professional skills but also good at management art Human management is always the hardest part Therefore, the conduct and moral qualities of the leader have a clear impact on their employees Staff will look at the ethics and ideals of leaders to learn Leaders communicate the value of the mission, vision and goals of the organization for employees to understand the role, their responsibilities within the organization Obviously, the words are not valuable enough to build trust in employees but need more ethical qualities and appropriate actions to convince employees to follow When the leader acts for those values, the employee will trust the leader, they will try and work harder to achieve the organization's goals  Idealized Influence Behavior (IB) Individual performance of employees will be influenced by the behavior of the leader Leaders need to regularly exchange knowledge to orient, suggest to employees the solutions to solve problems This is a way to influence employee awareness well, from which employees act according to what the leader wants them to The leader who adheres to the rules of ethical standards set out in the organization will be a key element in the behavior of the employees Employees feel they are working in good environment, they value the values that organizations and leaders bring and peace of mind for work, or increase the level of work performance  Individualized Consideration (IC) This is also a strong factor affecting employee performance Employees receiving interest from leaders make them feel respectful, not rigid imposition orders The leader through communication and working with employees, understands their needs, aspirations and strengths of employees to take appropriate action to help employees develop The leader listens to the employees' opinions about personal needs and goals, then instructs the staff on the steps to be taken to achieve the goals, attaching the success of the individual to achieving the common goal Besides that, leader should evaluate each employee's ability to develop appropriate training plans Regularly talk to the staff about the plan set out to hear the staff's feedback Since then the leader adjusted the training plan and work plan suitable for employees, helping employees to reach their full potential, helping to save time and costs as well as increase work efficiency Leaders need to actively update technology information to communicate with employees in group discussions At the same time, hold seminars, sharing knowledge for all employees, helping employees have the opportunity to learn from their own colleagues, is also a form of training but not exceeding the limit of funding This creates an open and close atmosphere for all employees to join In addition, the leader should provide continuous feedback on work to the employee It shows a respectful attitude when making suggestions and staff is also easy to receive quickly When employee complete jobs better than required, leaders should let employees know about their efforts The timely encouragement will positively impact the working spirit of employees, thereby motivating employees and wanting to contribute more in work and organization  Inspirational Motivation (IM) Regularly observe, listen, and communicate with employees to help them identify issues that need to be changed in the way they deal with everyday tasks Employees who identify themselves as obstacles that limit their work will actively change accordingly Staff will not resist the renewal of processes, standards and ways of working Since then, increasing productivity Leaders can only motivate the highest inspiration by helping employees face difficult situations and finding opportunities from those situations This will help employees be able to adapt well to the situation, with change to survive in a competitive environment This is an essential factor to stimulate employees to constantly learn and accumulate knowledge in order to increase the competitiveness of human resource quality Challenging and new tasks in work is also a factor that increases job appeal and increases personal performance In addition, leaders need to show assertiveness and confidence in achieving goals to inspire employees to work, in addition to other attractive rewards such as promotions, salary increases, or other professional training  Intellectual Stimulation (IS) Intellectual stimulation is a way of making people constantly brainstorming to find a better solution to all problems, a new way of doing things, making things always new and exciting This minimizes the boredom of work, one of the states that makes employees work but not motivated In order to this, the leader must fulfill both roles, both as an inspector by guiding the staff and executives at the same time The leader must see the problem in many ways and find ways to solve the problem in different approaches The leader must have a general vision to identify possible obstacles and challenges to prepare the solution The leader creates a suitable space to discuss with the staff about the problems of the group, organization, and staff and respect the constructive feedback of the employees If the leader wants to make a change in the organization without causing negative reactions from employees, it is important to allow employees to participate in the discussion process and to give their opinion to allow employees to participate in the process discuss and contribute ideas from the beginning, therefore; they will be aware of their role in a collective and will be responsible for implementation Innovation is one of the prerequisites that creates competitive advantage among universities today In the 4.0 era, all areas need to update new technology knowledge to help run a systematic and effective organization By directing employees to understand the importance of today's technological development trend, the leader should be a pioneer in this field by themselves 5.3.2 Policies Through this study, the recommendations are set out as follows: - In the process of recruitment for research and teaching at the university facility, should not retain graduates of that university facility for research development The reason is because it will not create competition and quality of human resources Therefore, recruiting manpower for various research needs to be high quality In addition, hiring decisions and scientific history of the recruits have been announced publicly - Get the appointment of professors at the heart of the implementation of scientific autonomy of universities Widely perceived as a professor at key positions, rather than an honorable nobility - Loosen income system: income besides basic salary specified available, researchers can obtain special income from sources within and outside the base budget of higher education or from the Ministry of education and Training Therefore, the Ministry of education and training should invest more budgets for institutions of higher education in the study and should be given more autonomy in the decision to increase the salary issue for the researchers of the higher education institutions - In planning the construction field, besides the construction facilities, be prepared to invest funds to build a team of research and teaching - Get achievements in the building and improve the quality of teaching research team to assess leadership competencies universities Get Income science teaching staff as a criterion to evaluate and rank the universities More importantly, the quality and quantity of research will increase the reputation of an institution of higher education, so the role of the leader should be given more authority so that they can have policies and objectives consistent with the higher education facility where they are in power - Connect teaching and learning to practice: Education needs to simulate and prepare learners to enter into practical life as much as technology has made it easy to access knowledge, making knowledge no longer "insurance" for the future of learners as before One of the appropriate approaches is to strengthen science, technology, engineering and math education (STEM education) in schools Accordingly, students will be equipped with knowledge associated with their applications in practice; be experienced in exploring and exploring technology associated with the knowledge learned in the educational program; are encouraged to create science and technology to improve new technology development This is an interdisciplinary approach to equip learners with the knowledge and skills that learners can apply to solve problems in life The Ministry of Education and Training has piloted STEM education at 15 middle and high schools in the provinces, cities of Hanoi, Hai Duong, Hai Phong, Nam Dinh and Quang Ninh The pilot results show that STEM education directs students to close local ideas, passionate extracurricular clubs and some change in the way of teaching and learning science - Diversify educational routes: Each student will have different needs and learning abilities and the task of education is to discover, nurture and motivate learners to identify and pursue their interests and passions This requires the education system to provide diverse educational pathways to cater to the individual learning styles and learning styles of each individual The new general education program has made fundamental changes with the integration of content at primary and lower secondary levels, strongly differentiating at the high school level, promoting career orientation and channeling in general education - Encourage lifelong learning: One of the most important goals of education is to discover and nurture talents, encourage the pursuit, passion and lifelong learning needs of learners To achieve this goal, a major change is to restructure the system of continuing education centers and community learning centers, change traditional patterns to build lifelong learning centers This is also the basic solution to implement fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education "Perfecting the national education system towards open education system, lifelong learning and building a learning society" spirit of Resolution No 29-NQ / TW of the 8th Conference of the 11th Party Central Committee - Promote teaching and learning foreign languages, especially English; enhance the application of information technology in learning and management: The Ministry of Education and Training has submitted to the Prime Minister to issue a Decision approving the adjustment and supplement of the Foreign Language Teaching and Learning Project for the period of 2017 - 2025 (6) with some orientations, such as "creating a breakthrough on the quality of teaching and learning foreign languages for all levels of education and training levels, encouraging the introduction of foreign languages into schools from preschool levels and social activities Promote foreign language teaching integrated in other subjects and teach other subjects (such as math and science subjects, specialized subjects ) in foreign languages Promote the application of advanced technology in foreign language teaching and learning with an electronic learning system suitable for all subjects so that learners can learn foreign languages and approach native languages anytime, anywhere, by any means.; especially in developing listening and speaking skills Create a foreign language learning environment in schools, families and societies for teachers, lecturers, family members and learners to study foreign languages In addition, Vietnamese education program should ensure learners are equipped with digital and technological insights at all levels of study to easily access scientific and public advances technology In the new general education program, foreign language and informatics have become compulsory subjects at the beginning of primary school The emphasis on the application of information technology in education management should also be paid special attention The education sector is continuing to promote computerization in management, determined to build a seamless communication system between the Ministry of Education and Training and the departments of education and training and building a common database of the whole education system - Improve the capacity and expand the role of universities: To enhance the competitiveness of human resources, in addition to constantly improving the capacity of scientific research and teaching, uuniversities need to show a pioneering role in implementing the mission of innovation and start creative business The impact of a university will no longer be limited to educating and changing students' lives The university must be a platform to promote innovation, providing a launch pad for future entrepreneurs and start-up companies, keeping pace for industries The Ministry of Education and Training has submitted to the Prime Minister for the approval of the Decision to support students to start their business until 2025 (7); direct schools to innovate the construction of training programs, including the participation of managers and employers; formulating and announcing the output standards of training programs; support the coordination between higher education institutions with enterprises and employers in training; direct higher education institutions to strengthen cooperation with enterprises to integrate training with the needs of the domestic and foreign labor market Universities also need to embrace the trend that high-skilled workers' training time will not only be limited to or years, but throughout their working life, as learners continue to turn around to get more knowledge and skills after graduation Therefore, the old thinking of a proactive education will change, as universities determine the lifelong learning process as part of their mission In order to help higher education institutions, develop their ability to be proactive, creative, improve operational efficiency, enhance competition and diversify types of education and training to meet human resource requirements of the country, the Ministry of Education and Training has urgently drafted the Law on amendments and supplements to a number of articles of the Higher Education Law to submit to the National Assembly for approval and continue to improve the system of legal documents guiding the implementation of the Higher Education Law after it is amended The Ministry has also submitted to the Government a decree on university autonomy to replace Resolution 77 / NQ-CP, formalizing university autonomy as an inevitable path of Vietnamese higher education In summary, in order to be successful in the following decades, the education sector must have a vision in the context of the continuous transformation of organizational forms and skills requirements Accordingly, future employees will need to have lifelong learning ability to be ready for changes Current educational institutions are mainly products of technological infrastructure and social circumstances in the past In the context of changing rapidly, educational institutions need to reconsider to improve their responsiveness Agencies and businesses must also adapt to changing environments and need to determine the importance of developing human resource development strategies towards sustainable development through cooperation with schools University In preparation for future generations and increasing the competitiveness of Vietnamese people, Vietnam needs to build an education system that promotes innovation and creativity, which emphasizes the importance of lifelong learning and long-term development of learners Above all, efficient budget allocation, coupled with strong political commitment to education and training, will make a difference for the future of the Vietnamese youth 5.4 Research limitation and future development A major limitation could reduce the practical value of this study is the size of the case study is quite small compared to the size of the study Approach sample size only 232 respondents to provide data, so the ability to validate the research questions have low accuracy In addition, case studies, small-scale basis in a university, so the end result is no more feasible, to apply to another institutions of higher education The questions of quantitative have limited quantities, so the research results obtained so slender and a more subjective nature of an academic research paper In the future, the development of studies on the role of Transformational Leadership has many directions for further research University education system in Vietnam is growing along with the world, so there will be many issues that need further research to clarify the issues and make recommendations realistic and advanced applications ... than the sum of the parts" (Northouse, 2015) This study will focus on investigating the role of Transformational Leadership model in promoting academic research in institutions of higher education. .. discusses leadership literature in higher education including definitions of leadership and characteristics of transformational leadership, the influence of transformationa leadership in higher education. .. Most institutions of higher education in Vietnam is not a self-management mechanism, instead they have to depend heavily on the budget of the Ministry of Education and Training The Ministry of Education