Bạo lực ở phụ nữ các tỉnh miền núi phía bắc

BAO LL/C PHU NO cAc TINH MIEN NUI PHIA BAC M i via siiiuns sd lieu khao sal ciia de tai: 77i* tfo cfia phu nif bi bao luc gia iinh doi vil sut khoe Hnh than: Nghien lOu tn/dng hgp a cac bnh mien nui phia flic Wen Tam ly hpc chu Iri, PGS.TS B6 Ngoc Khanh Iam chQ nhiem PGS.TS Dd Ngpc Khanh Tnrdng phdng Phdng Tdm ly hgc ldm sdng Vien Tdm ly hgc TOM TAT It • /i""''"'""'""''" r^lP'''''Bdc la nhdm phu nScd nguy ca cao bi bao luc vd kho can thiipid van hda chdp nhgn vd che day bgo luc di bdg vi hinh dnh gia dinh Nghien cuu 622 phg nil vol ludi Irung binh Id 40.75 a cdc linh miin nil phia Bdc duac thay O'lejhunu cac ttnh miin nil phia Bdc cd muc dg bi bgo luc cag han phu ni a cdc tinh dongbdng noi Chung trongdo bgo luc Hnh Ihdn Id ldn nhit liipdinldbao luc the choi xa hgi tmh due vd kinh ti Tfr khoa: Bgo lire gia dinh: Bgo lvc phu nU: Bgo luc \'gdy nhdn bdi 9/612016; Ngdy duyil ddng bdi- 25/8/2016 I.fijtvande nhto „ ^ ^ t T " ' ' ^ ' = ! : ^ " / •»*• '^o ti™ quanttpn^ c t a gia dinh vd h t o nhan nhmig bjo Ipe gia dmh vin xdy phd bito, bit chip dd chinh Id nguyto ehto ? , t •r ".''"' ^ "'""• " ' "8^'™ "" " ' ° "h^y- ™ ngudi php ntt ctau A till CO ngum ttai nghifim bjo lpc gia dinh Trong nhdm phu ntt chdu A till van de bjo lvc gia dinh d edc nhdm dto tpe tfiiiu sd djc bifit nghifim trpng kh gia tt eua nguoi phu ntt khong dupc ddnh gia cao bdng ngudi dto ong (Hlee,' 9*"= n * i « n cuu chi r a r i n g , bao Ivc gia dinh d i lai he qud tifiu cue k i c d mroc md, va lau ddi^ B j o luc gia dinh Idm cho phu nu bi tfin tfiuong v i sue khde nhu b, tfiupng dau d j day, khuyfit tat, dau mto tinh (Knig et al., 2002) Bao7ve c ^ m ^ ^ ' ' - ^ ™ ' * ' r" '^ '"" " * " "^i" * ^ " h " '^''"'" ' » 3u, trim' cam earn tfiay vo vpng ton tfiuong sau sang chan cd y mdng va tiiu m sat (Andrews va Brown 1988: Asttn et al., 1993: Krug el al 2002; Tang 1997) dnh hudng TAPCH(TAMLyHC)C,Sd9(210),9-20!6 25 Tfti idu ddi din sp phdt tdm Iy cfla cdi Trfi em chiing kifin bao lpcttonggia dinh cd nguy co cao vfi cdc vin dfi hdnh vi, tinh cam va cdc than phifin visuckhfie tfli chdt (McCIoskeyet al., 1995; Jounrileset al., 1989) Trfi emttaichflng kifin bjo lvcttonggia dinh cung ttog nguy co sfl- dung bao Ivc chung trd thtoh ngufiri ldn (Krug et al., 2002) Vifit Nam cd nhifiu nghifin cfl-u ve bao Iuc gia dinh vd ty Ifi phu nu bi bjo Iuc gia dinh cung rdt khac thupc vdo phuong phdp nghten cflu va khach thi nghifin cuu, cflng nhu vung mifin (Do Ngpc Khanh vd Bahr Weiss, 2014) Mdt si bao cdo cho thdy ty lfi bjo Ipc d cac vflng mifin nui phia Bdc la cao (Trung tdm Nghifin cdu Gidi, Gia dinh vd Phdt mfin cpng dong, 2006),ttongkhi chua cd nghien cdu thpc trjng phu nd bi bao Iuc gia dinh d cac vun^ nd^ Nhu vjy, vdn dfi phu nO bi bjo Ivc gia dinh d cdc tinh mifin nfli phia Bac rdt dang dupc quan tam nghien cuu Co sd 1^ luan, phirong phap va quy trinh nghien cii-u Theo Ludi Phdng chdng bgo lire gia dinh, bgo lire gia dinh bao gfim edc hdnh vi cua mpt hoac cac thdnh vifin ttong gia dinh dung vdi muc dich ldm hji mpt hojc nhieu cd nhdn khdc sau ddy: a) Htoh hj, ngupc dJi, ddnh djp hodc hdnh vi cfi f khdc xam hji din sflc khde, tinh mjng; b) Ltog ma hojc hdnh vi ci •} khdc xflc phjm danh du, nhto phdm; c) Co Ijp xua duoi hojc gay dp Ipc thudng xuyfin vi tam I^ gdy hju qua nghifim trpng; d) Ngdn cdn vific thvc hifin quyin, nghia vu quan he gia dinh gitta fing, bd vd chau; gifla cha, mp vd con; gita vp vd ching; gitta anh, clii, em vdi nhau; d) Cudng ep quan hfi tinh due; e) (;uaiigfipldo hon; cudng ep kit hon, Iy hon hodc cto ttd hfin nhdn nguyfin, tien bp; g) Chifim doat, buy hoji, djp phd hodc cd hdnh vi khdc ci y Idm hu hfing tdi san nfing cflatiianhvifin khdc gia dinh hojc tdi sdn chung cfla cdc ttitoh vien gia dinh; h) Cudng ep thtoh vifin gia dinh Iao dpng qud sue, ddng gdp tdi chinh qud khd njng eua hp; kifim sodt thu nhjp cda thdnh vifin gia dinh nhim mo tinh ttjng php thufic vfi tdi ehinh; i) Cd hdnh vi trdi phdp ludt bupc thdnh vifin gia dinh khoi chS d Trong nghifin cflu ndy, chflng tdi dpa vdo khdi nifim ttfin di dua khdi 26 TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd (210), - 2016 mem phu ntt bi bao luc gia dinh Phu nft W bao lvc gia dinh la phu nu bi nhttng npoi ttong ^ dinh, bao gom bd me vd chdng cd nbung hdnh ddng de doa gdy han vetiiechat, tinh due tinh tiito, xa hdi vd kinh ti ddi vdi ngudi phu nu Khdeh Ihi u- u ^ ^ \ *^ ^ ^ 8'* "^'ã' "^ Sôni 622 phu nu da kfit hfin mdi ttung htnh 40,75 (tfiap nhat la 18 vd cao nhdt Id 75) d Qutog Ninh, Lao Cai! Ha Giang L'to quan dfin ninh dp hoc vjn, 7,3% s6 khachtiificd ttmh ttmig cip tto len, 39,1 / so phu nu chi tot nghifip ttung hpc phfitiidng,37,0% s6 ngudi chi to ttinh dp ttimg hpc CO sd, 10,7% sfi ngudi chi hpc hfit tifiu hoc vd 5,8% sfi khdeh the khong bifit chu ( u , J S ? ^ !"^"'''''" "'' '^•^°''° '^ phy ntt d nhd Idm ndi tta, 7,6% sfi phu ntt vfi 7^1 l i V ° P*"" "* I™™ h.™ tv do, 28,3% sd phu ntt lam cdng to luong, cto Iji 39.7% so phu nft Idm nghfi nong Thang ,h,.' !;!?^j" ' ? ^ ^ *""ô''"' ^ã^^ ( ã ' ^ ^° ™Sn tiiujt gidi quyit mdu Uiuan) da dupc su dung rpng rai tii ndm 1972 vdi su fliam gia cta hon 70.000 khachtfienghien cuu da djng vfi vto hda va dupc su dungtfidnhcdng d it nhdt 20 quoc gia Tliang cung da dupc sfl dung d Viet Nam chotiifiycd dd tin cdy cao ITiang CTS gom 46 cau hdi vfi muc dptfiudngxuyto ngudi chfing cd hdnh vi bjo lire doi vol nguoi vp (0: khdng bao gid; 1: ldn; 2: vdi ldn vd 3? nhifiu iJn) vd xd hfii " ""'^ * ^ ' ^^^'- "•* **•• *^ "^^ '''"'• '^- ""h due v„v- • ^ S lo muc dp eta me ching bjo Iuc dupcfliifitkfi dfi mta dd tfiutog xuyen mc hojc bo chong cd hdnh vi bao lpc vi tinh tfjn, tiii chit dfii vdi dau dd nhrr^^K-'i,'* f * ' " - ™ '''^'" t™"? hinh cta timg tifiu tfiang dfi muc nttk;;toh'tSrv!^'i'°"°^^"^'"'™"«''"''''-"':'''°'^^B-c^c nhin , h ^ "I!^ % '^ "^ "''" "" •"' h?o Icc d tung djng, Chung tdi ctag dtag phuong ^ a ptfiongkc dem tat ca nhdng ngudi phu nu bi it nhdt mpt lin bi bjo Ipc p tuni Ket qua nghien cih 3.1 Thtrc trang chung cua phu nO bi bao lire o„h- ^'^"f- ' " " * ^y '^ Ơ ' ' ã ''"' "*" t^ng sfi 622 khachtiifidupc nghiai cm da mngttdiqua it nhit mot dang bjo Ivc chfing ho gay So stoh vo, ke, qua nghito cuu cdp dp qudc gia (Di Tliuc vd Hendil ioi0) vdi ^ ^ TAPCHfTAMLyHpC.S59(210),9-2016 ^n phu nfi bj bao lire cho thiy, ty le ph\i nfi cr cac tinh mien niii phfa BSc bi bpo lvc ia cao hon so voi toao qu6c Nhir tren da de cap, cac tinh mien nui phia Bac cd nhi6u dan tpc sinh sfing, dSc biet la dan tfic H'Mfing, voi van hoa ngircri vgf la t^ san cua ngiroi chdng, vi v|iy ngucri chong co quyen day bao DSc diem vSn hoa dS gdp phan cung cd h^nh vi b^o luc • Khdng bj b^o i(ic M Bj bgo Itre Bieu d6 1: Ty 14 phv nu bi bgo l^cc BTB BA ching bpo lire Mc ch&ng bQO Inc lo.« 84 D90 lire rh^ chit B ^ lire rmh rhin Bgo lire kinli ti 4,04 1 1 1 3718 ^ 17« 1 J210 —1 Bleu aS 2: Mtic dp phft nU bi bgo lire du™ tri^nVh^M'/^f-1"° ^"d •"* P''^ "** "•™8 mlu khdeh ttii ttdi nghiim S D T O - m tI' • ' ^ ^ I""' ^^ " ^ f "i "» '^« ^« 'i"h ttiin Id cao nhJt (DTB - 7,18), dungtfiu hai Id bjo lpc vi tfii chit (DTB = 04) tiinttieoId S ^ r l r i i ' ^ b ' ^ ' ' ' ™ r ^-^f) ^ " d^ 1^ bao lvc vi k U ti (DTO ^^ bi/tnp ching bjo Ive nhit Kit qud nghito cuu phi hpp vdi kit aud cta cde nghito cuu dittudcdnudc ngodi vdVifitNamdd cdng b?b;^lvc.inhtfitlufit 28 TAPCHfTAML'i'HpC,Sfi9(2IO),9-2016 bien hon bao Iuc thfi chat vd cdc djng bjo luc khac Bao Iuc tinh thdn tfiudng khon^ de IJ, vettiiuongttivctiifimd chi di lai vittfiuongtinh'tiidn cho nan nhto ma vetttiuongtinhtiitotfiitiiudngkhd nhdnttidy.Do vjv ngudi gay bao Iuc hiem khl bl ttung phat, dito votinhcflng cfi htoh vi gay bao Iuc Doi van hoa, nguoi dto dng khfing y thuc dupc nhflng Idi minh ndi cd tfii gdy tdn thuong cho nguo, v„ yd hp khdng ytfiucdd Id bao Ipc tinhttldn,vi vay ho cd xu huong tfie hien nhito hon cac dang bao luc khdc Cuttifitung dang bao Iuc sfi dupc ttmh bay ttong phto tifip tfieo o • & 3.2 Cdc dang bgo luc gia dinh Bgo luc tinh thdn Cd 60,1% sfi phu no dd tiing it nhJt ttdi qua md, hinh Uiuc bao Iuc linh toi va CO den 45,9% sd phu ntt bi tu tai djng bao luc tinh ttidn khac To len Ket qua mpt Ian nta cho tfiiy, ty 16 phu ntt bf bao luc tinh ttiin Id rdt khac ttong nhung nghito euu khdc Vi du, sfi ndy tay it hmi ™ i H I Phdn"' ' n ' - ' " ' " ! " ^ " ' ''™« "8^'^" ^™ ' ™ ' vd He'ndn (2010) dd nSfincflltttorr'' '""''™«'?"«'"'^^ S™ t V r T- P*^™," " "™'^ vd ctag cao hon sfi ma Di Ngoc Khanh chT,^S^n;'^^''^""^'^.'*'"'ã''^'""ã^9hô"ã='^ , P"V n» (Btta,nghiem mfit hmhtfiucbjo luc vd 1/3 sd nhu ntt da tt*i qua tu ha, hinh tt.uc bao Ipc ttd Ito Nhu vdy cd hi ttidy phu ntt cdL 0^™^,^ nu phia Bdc bj bjo Ipctt.fichdt nhifiu hon php ntt ndi chung ttong cd Too dt (21 S-ltfnt^0*1°!" *^ ? ¥ ^ P"- " * P " ^ ^ "^"iu nhifiu nhdt Id bi ching Zll = , ? ^ "*/S ""^ ã=*""ã """8 ''* ô.5% - hi mfit ldn vd 13,3%'- bi vdi I™ va nhieu lan) Kfit qta ndy hoto toto phfl hop vdi nghito cdu ttJdc ddy cta t n r ; ^ ' " " t ? " ' ' " ° '"' *^ P"^' P"^ ^ « " "hat ^""g S g t o u ma nhu n ? " T K^'?^ """ P"*" "'^''^S ''*"8- phv " -nifin nfli Trung Nam Bfi ma php ntt cac tinh m.to nui phia Bdc cung bi chfing tat khd nhiiu ,-i u "'".''**'^ hjo luc thfi chdt phi biin ttiu hai Id ddv hav xfi div (18 l%i tifiptfieola ddnh/