Biomarkers in marine organisms a practical approach

[...]... the 'Aegean Sea' study contrast the observations following a transplant of clean M edulis to contaminated sites in the Skagerrak / Kattegat, North Sea (So16 et al., 1998) M edulis from the Faroe Islands (clean site) were placed in cages and located at contaminated sites for 6-8 weeks Organic contaminant tissue loadings, the levels of total CYP, '418-peak', CYP1Aimmunopositive protein, and BPH and BPH... whereas EROD activities have been indicated in the bivalves Donax trunculus and Brachidontes variabilis and the gastropods Patella caerulea and Avicularia gibbosula (Yawetz et al., 1992) 8 XENOBIOTIC-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES: FIELD STUDIES CHANGES IN M Y T I L U S SP MFO Field studies using bivalve, gastropod and cephalopod molluscs have demonstrated changes in MFO parameters including increases in digestive... Hybridisation with mammalian and fish probes ( 3A, 1 1A) Woottonet al., 1995 A polyelonal antibody raised against perch (Perca fluviatilis) hepatic CYP 1A immunoreacted with a CYP 1A- like epitope of a partially purified preparation of M edulis digestive gland CYP (Porte et al., 1995) A similar epitope was also immunoidentified in digestive gland mierosomal preparations from M edulis and M galloprovineialis... oxidase activity Mytilus edulis Benzo [a] pyrene hydroxylase Dimethylanaline N-demethylase Biphenyl hydroxylase 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase Benzphetamine N-demethylase Testosterone hydroxylase 7-Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase Aldrin epoxidase Arachidonic acid hydroxylase Benzo [a] pyrene hydroxylase Dimethylanaline N-demethylase Aminopyrene N-demethylase 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase Aldrin epoxidase Antipyrine... ECOD activity vary seasonally, with an observed decrease in the three parameters during late spring, 8 corresponding with the spawning of gametes and lower seawater temperatures (Kirchin et aL, 1992; Livingstone et aL, 1989; So16 et aL, 199 5a; Wootton et aL, 1996) In a previous study, digestive gland microsomal BaP metabolism was observed to be higher in female mussels than males (Livingstone & Farrar... (CYP) proteins with epitopes to anti-CYP 1A, anti-CYP 4A and anti-CYP2E antibodies determined in samples from indigenous and transplanted populations in the Venice Lagoon, Italy M galloprovincialis were collected from indigenous populations from Lido (reference site), Salute (urban-contaminated site) and M galloprovincialis transplanted from Lido to CVE (industrial-contaminated site) for 1 and 3 weeks... Reactive Oxygen Species RT-PCR Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction TBT Tributyltin TCDD TetraChloroDibenzoDioxine TIE Toxicity Identification Evaluation Thin layer chromatography TLC wet weight W.W Biomarkers in Marine Organisms: A Practical Approach Ph Garrigues, H Barth, C.H Walker and J.F Narbonne, editors 9 2001 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved Chapter 1 INDUCTION OF MOLLUSCAN... Polyplacophora, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda, Gastropoda and Bivalvia however the latter two classes contain 98% of the known molluscan species (Barnes et al., 1988) The uptake and subsequent bioaccumulation of anthropogenic xenobiotics from the aquatic environment has been examined in numerous freshwater and marine molluscan species (Doyotte et al., 1997; Livingstone 1991, 1992, 1994; O' Connor 1996) Comaminants including... biotransformation and bioactivation, the latter being associated with CYP 1, CYP2 and CYP3 (Nelson et al., 1996) 3 CYP 1A AS A BIOMONITORING TOOL The uptake of organic contaminants from the aquatic environment into an organism may be regarded as a cellular process involving the intemalisation of the xenobiotie into cells across the outer membrane It is thus proposed that the earliest biological effects... specific contaminants (Stegeman & Hahn 1994) The inducibility of CYP (specifically CYP 1A) in aquatic vertebrates appears to be greater than the induction of enzymes associated with Phase II conjugation and as a consequence numerous laboratory and field studies have been undertaken to evaluate CYP 1A expression as marker of exposure to organic Xenobiotics in the marine environment (Boon et al., 1992; Bucheli . environmental contamination in marine ecosystems using biomarkers (EV5V-CT94-0398)' and 'Biological markers of environmental contamination in marine. TetraChloroDibenzoDioxine Toxicity Identification Evaluation Thin layer chromatography wet weight Biomarkers in Marine Organisms: A Practical Approach.