INDEX 797 Ural Mountains (continued) Mohorovicic discontinuity 3:652, 3:653f Permian 4:214-215, 5:511 f Silurian 4:192-193 tectonic map 4:467f Timanide Orogeny background information 2:49 foreland thrust-and-fold belt 2:50f, 2:51 Polar Ural Mountains 2:50f, 2:52 Subarctic Ural Mountains 2:52 tectonic evolution 2:53 topography 2:94, 2:94f zone classifications 2:86, 2:87f Urals Seismic Experiment and Intetgrated Studies (USEIS) experiment 2:88f, 2:90, 2:91f, 2:92f Urals Wide-Angle Reflection Seismics (UWARS) experiment 2:90 uraninite (UO ) 3:585?, 3:630t uranium (U) Australia 1:218/, 1:221 carbonatites 3:222, 3:223?, 3:224t crustal composition 5:174t economic deposits 1:437, 1:438t environmental geochemical mapping 3:28f fission track analysis Helium Partial Retention Zone 1:50-51 spontaneous fission 1:44, l:44f, 1:45 f uranium-thorium/helium (U-Th)/He dating method 1:50, l:52f, 5:127 lava/lava flows 3:224f radiometric dating 1:88?, 3:20, 3:604, 4:202f, 5:518 soil concentrations 2:22? toxicity 2:22? Venus 5:246? world production rates 1:43 8t zircon crystals 3:604 Urannah Complex 1:247f uranospinite 3:508f uranotungstite ((Fe,Ba,Pb)(UO ) (WO ) (OH)4-12H2O) 3:587t Uranus hydrogen concentrations 1:200f orbital frequencies 1:41 It physical characteristics 5:289, 5:290? ring system 5:290, 5:290? satellite image 5:2 89f satellite system 5:290-291 Ariel 5:290-291, 5:291? characteristics 5:291? Miranda 5:290-291, 5:291? Oberon 5:290-291, 5:291? Titania 5:290-291, 5:291? Umbriel 5:290-291, 5:291? urban geology 5:557-563 cities 5:557 Cities of the World 5:558, 5:559? discontinuities 5:558, 5:563f engineering contributions 5:560? engineering geology 2:30, 3:39 environmental geology built environment 2:29, 2:29f geomaterials 2:29, 2:29f urban environments 2:25, 2:26f foundation materials 5:558f geologist's role 5:559 geotechnical constraints 5:560? groundwater 5:558 importance 5:557 site characterization 5:558, 5:558f, 5:561?, 5:562, 5:562?, 5:563f societal issues 5:562? soils 5:558 urban construction constraints 5:558, 5:561?, 5:562? urban development 5:558, 5:558f urbanization effects 1:522f ureilites 5:231? urengoites 5:445f, 5:451 Urey, Harold 3:187-188 urtite3:219/" Ussher, James 1:257, 3:170 Utah, United States 3:123, 4:177, 4:216, 5:476-477 uvanite ((UO ) (V O 17 )-15H O(?)) 3:589? uvarovite (Ca3Cr2Si3Oi2) 3:561 uytenbogaardtite 3:119? Uzbekistan 1:167, 5:51 If V Vaalbara 4:14f Vacqueros benthic foraminiferal stage 5:473f vadose canyons 4:684f, 4:685f vadose zone 4:684f Vaigach Island 2:53 Vail, Peter 5:159 Vaiont Landslide 4:632, 4:688, 4:692 Valais basin 2:125-126, 2:126f, 2:127, 2:127f, 2:133f, 2:133-135 Valanginian stage Atlantic Margin 4:104f Brazil l:322f,l:325f chronostratigraphy 3:361f Global Standard Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) 5:506f International Stratigraphic Chart (ICS) 5:517f large igneous provinces (LIPs) 3:363? magnetostratigraphy 4:99f marine invertebrates 3:367/", 3:380f marine microfossils 3:378f marine vertebrates 3:368f, 3:381f protist families 3:366f sea-level variations 3:364f terrestrial invertebrates 3:369f, 3:381f terrestrial vertebrates 3:369f, 3:382f vegetation 3:370f, 3:383f Valdotriton gracilis 2:522f Valentian subdivision 4:185 Valeria lophostriata 4:358 valeriite 5:394? Vallesian mammalian age 5:479f Valles Marineris 5:279 Val Verde Basin 4:67 Vampyroteuthis 2:395 vanadinite (Pb (VO ) Cl) 3:589? vanadium bronzes 3:588, 3:589? vanadium (V) anoxic environments 4:496-497 carbonatites 3:223? crustal composition 5:174? magmatic ores 3:641 mineral classification systems 3:501?, 3:502? oceanic manganese nodular deposits 5:114? oil content 4:257, 4:257f partitioning behaviour 3:639? soil concentrations 2:22? toxicity 2:22? vanadate minerals 3:588-590 vanadium bronzes 3:588, 3:590 vanalite (ca NaAl (V 12 O 44 )(OH) -33H O) 3:589? Van Allen radiation belts 5:217 Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada 4:38 VanuaLevu4:118, 4:119f Vanuatu background information 4:109 economic geology 4:116 geology 4:115, 4:115f obsidian 3:274-275 volcanoes 5:567f Vanuatu Trench 4.-115/", 4:115-116 vanuralite(Al(UO ) (VO ) (OH)-HH O) 3:589? vanuranylite ((H O,Ba,Ca-K) (U0 ) (V0 ) -4H 0(?)) 3:589? Vanuxem, Lardner 2:195 Varanger Peninsula 2:50 Varanodon 2:486-487 Varanopidae 2:486, 2:487f Varanops 2:486-487 variograms 4:323, 4:327f Variscides Orogeny 2:75-85 Altai-Mongol domain 4:465, 4:466f angular unconformity 2:75, 2:77f central Europe 2:79, 2.-80/", 2:81/, 3:651 characteristics 2:84 crustal thickness 3:658 Devonian 2:78, 2:79 East European Craton 3:648 Europe 2:95 geographic location 2:35f gravitational collapse 2:100 Iberia 2:80, 2:82/i 2:83f Mediterranean region 2:135 Ordovician, early 2:78 Ordovician, late 2:78 palaeogeographic reconstruction 2:75, 2:76f, 2:77f palaeomagnetism 2:75 Permo-Carboniferous basins Central Armorican Basin 2:96 evolutionary history 2:95, 2:101 f, 3:653 foreland 2:97