INDEX 661 fossils (continued) reconstruction drawings 2:456f Silurian 2:457 thelodonts 2:459, 2:459f Thelodus macintoshi 2:459f Tuberculaspis elyensis 2:458f Jurassic 3:358 lungfishes 2:467 Onychodontiformes 2:467 osteichthyans 2:466 osteolepiforms 2:467 osteostracans 2:462 Palaeocene 5:463 placoderms 2:465, 2:465f radiation patterns 2:463f sarcopterygians 2:467 seamounts 4:482 sharks 2:229/", 2:463 Silurian 4:191 teeth 2:462 teleosteans 2:466f, 2:466-467 tetrapodomorphs 2:469 thelodonts 2:459, 2.-459/J 2:462 Triassic 3:350 fossil fuels 4:159 fossil meteorites 5:235 fossil plants 2:436-443 fungi Ascomycetes 2:437, 2:440-441 Basidiomycetes 2:437-438, 2:440-441 Chytridiomycetes 2:437, 2:438f, 2:439f fossil fungi 2:437 general discussion 2:436 Rhynie chert 2:437, 2:438f, 2:439f sporocarps 2:440-441 Zygomycetes 2:437, 2:440-441, 2:441-442 glossary information 2:442 lichens fossil lichens 2:441 hyphae 2:441-442 Nematophytes 2:441 Rhynie chert 2:441-442 symbiotic relationships 2:441 palaeopathology 4:160 fossil record evolutionary theory 2:163 hydrothermal vents 5:394 pollen 2:420-422 gastropods (Gastropoda) 2:378-388 anagenesis 1:267-268, 1:269 f Bellerophontida 2:381f, 2:385, 2:387 characteristics anatomy 2:378 ontogeny 2:379, 2:386f shell morphology 2:379f classification 2:383, 2:385f, 2:386f Cretaceous 3:367, 3:367f ecological structures l:262t Eocene 5:469 evolution Cenozoic 2:387 freshwater gastropods 2:387 general discussion 2:385 Mesozoic 2:387 origins 2:385 Palaeozoic 2:386 terrestrial gastropods 2:387 Jurassic 3:357 Mimospirina 2:381f, 2:385 occurrence 2:378 Opisthobranchia 2:383-384, 2:385 Ordovician 4:179 Orthogastropoda Archaeogastropoda 2:384 Caenogastropoda 2:384-385 Heterobranchia 2:385 Neritimorpha 2:384 Palaeocene 5:463 Patellogastropoda 2:380-381, 2:384 Permian-Triassic boundary 2:387 phylogenetic relationships 2:385f predation 4:145f, 4:145-146, 4:161f predations 4:145f, 4:145-146 Prosobranchia 2:383-384 pteropods 4:646;, 5:72f, 5:74, 5:75t Pulmonata 2:383-384, 2:385 shell coiling direction 2:380, 2:381, 2:382f, 2:384f colour patterns 2:379/i 2:380, 2:383f general discussion 2:380 heterostrophic shells 2:382f homeostrophic shells 2:382f morphology 2:379f, 2:381f muscle scars 2:383 operculum 2:380 protoconch stage 2:380, 2:382f structure 2:380, 2:383f teleoconch stage 2:380, 2:382f symbioses 4:146 Triassic 3:348f, 3:350 geological research (1780-1835) 3:176 graptolites (Graptoloidea) 2:357-367 background information 2:357 Climacograptus 2:361f, 2:365-366 Dendroidea 2:361, 2:362f Dictyonema 2:361-362, 2:362f, 2:3 64f Diplograptus 2:361f, 2:365-366 Eocephalodiscus 2:357-359 Eorhabdopleura 2:357-359 evolutionary history 2:357, 2:358f, 2:365, 2:365f graptoloids 2:3 60f, 2:363f living colony hypothesis 2:364/", 2:365 Monograptus rhabdosomes 2:361, 2:361f speciation 2:366, 2:366f structure 2:361-362, 2:363f transverse section 2:361 f morphology 2:358f occurrence 2:363 Ordovician index fossils 4:175-184 palaeoautecology 4:142, 4:143f Parakidograptus acuminatus 4:185 periderm structure bandaging 2:361 f Kozlowski's classic interpretation 2:3 60f layered structure 2:360f transverse section 2:361f ultrastructure 2:359 preservation 2:363, 2:363/", 2:364f Pseudoclimacograptus 2:364f, 2:365 Rastrites 2:361-362, 2:363f rhabdosomes 2:361 sicula 2:357, 2:358f, 2:359f Silurian 4:185, 4:186f, 4:187f stolon system dendroids 2:357, 2:359f general discussion 2:357 graptoloids 2:360f tuboids 2:357, 2:360f stratigraphic use 2:366 synrhabdosomes 2:361 thecae 2:358f gymnosperms 2:443-454 Araucaria mirabilis 2:45Of Araucarioxylon 2:448f Archaeopteris hibernica 2:445f characteristics 2:444 classification 2:444, 2:444t conifer phylogeny 2:448f Cycadeoidea microphylla 2:453f Elkinsia polymorpha 2:445, 2:446f general discussion 2:443 Ginkgo gardneri 2:452f Glossopteris 2:45If major groups Bennettitales 2:453/", 2:453 Calamopityales 2:447 Callistophytales 2:449 Caytoniales 2:452, 2:452f Coniferales 2:450, 2:450f, 2:451f Cordaitales 2:449 Corystospermales 2:452 Cycadales 2:448, 2:449f Czekanowskiales 2:451 Ginkgoales 2:451, 2:452f Glossopteridales 2:450, 2:451f Gnetales 2:453 Hydraspermales 2:447 Lyginopteridales 2:448 Medullosales 2:448, 2:449f Peltaspermales 2:452 Pentoxylales 2:452 Voltziales 2:449 Metasequoia 2:45If Neuropteris heterophylla 2:447f origins 2:445 Pagiophyllum peregrynum 2:45If phylogenetic relationships 2:445f Sagenopteris phillipsi 2:452f Trigonocarpus parkinsoni 2:449f Walchia piniformis 2:447f Xenotheca devonica 2:446f Zamites gigas 2:453f hominids 2:541-545 background information 2:541 early hominids 2:541, 2:542f Homo erectus 2:542, 2:543f