ENGINEERING GEOLOGY/Overview 447 from the owner of a property damaged by a local landslide up to the national government for a major catastrophe such as the devastation brought about by a high magnitude earthquake The overview and focus for advice is undertaken by the planning profession The most important step for planners and the public alike is to become more aware of the importance of the nature of the ground and of the need to take this into account The method of presenting relevant geological information is crucially important if it is to have effect Users often have little or no knowledge of geology, the likely behaviour of the ground, or know what effect unexpected ground conditions and the causal processes might have on their use or enjoyment of that ground The most widely used tool for communicating ground conditions is the geological map, indicating the general (geological) character of the ground However, this requires skilled interpretation to derive an indication of any potential ground-related problems What the user requires is an indication of when and what advice is needed, and where it can be obtained, linked to a database of relevant information concerning each location The development of digital techniques for the manipulation and presentation of three-dimensional spatially defined data (notably Geographical Information Systems – GIS) is revolutionizing the way spatial data can be portrayed It is now possible to interactively alter a geological model as new data becomes available from the site investigation, and soon it will be possible to overlay the proposed engineering works and iterate the design to reflect a variety of alternatives, observing the effects as the ground model changes As important is the need to enhance public perception, increasing education, awareness, and information Further information Further information on engineering geology as a profession may be obtained from the Engineering Group at the Geological Society of London (http://www.geolsoc org.uk/template.cfm?name=geogroup10), from the Secretary of the Association of Engineering Geologists (http://www.aeg.com), and from the General Secretary of the International Association of Engineering and the Environment (http://cgi.ensmp.fr:88/iaeg/) General information on what is covered by engineering geology is summarized in Masters course introductions, for instance those at Leeds University (http://earth.leeds.ac uk/msc/eng1.htm) and at Imperial College, London (http://www.cv.imperial.ac.uk/research/soils/engeo/ enggeol%20home%20page1.html) General information on what is encompassed by the term ‘geohazard’ is summarized by the British Geological Survey (http:// www.bgs.ac.uk/enquiries/hazards.html) and the Australian Geological Survey (http://www.ga.gov.au/ urban/factsheets/geo index.jsp) The professional requirements to register as a Chartered Geologist are set out by the Geological Society of London (http:// www.geolsoc.org.uk/template.cfm?name=chartered) and the requirements to register as a Euro Geologist are set out by the European Federation of Geologists (http://www.eurogeologists de/) See Also Engineering Geology: Codes of Practice; Aspects of Earthquakes; Geological Maps; Geomorphology; Geophysics; Seismology; Natural and Anthropogenic Geohazards; Liquefaction; Made Ground; Problematic Rocks; Problematic Soils; Rock Properties and Their Assessment; Site and Ground Investigation; Site Classification; Subsidence; Ground Water Monitoring at Solid Waste Landfills Environmental Geology Geological Engineering Soil Mechanics Further Reading Anon (1993) Without Site Investigation Ground is a Hazard Report of the Site Investigation Steering Group of the Insti tution of Civil Engineer London: Thomas Telford Blyth FGH (1943) A Geology for Engineers London: Edward Arnold Clayton CRI (2001) Managing Geotechnical Risk, p 80 London: Thomas Telford Fookes PG (1997) Geology for Engineers: the Geological Model, Prediction and Performance Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 30: 293 424 Goodman RE (1999) Karl Terzaghi The Engineer as an Artist Reston; Virginia: American Society of Civil Engin eers Kiersch GA (ed.) (1991) The Heritage of Engineering Geology; The First Hundred Years Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America, Centennial Special Volume Knill JL (2001) Environmental change and engineering geology: our global challenge In: Marinos PG, Koukis GC, Tsiambaos GC, and Stournaras GC (eds.) Engineer ing Geology and the Environment, 4, pp 3355 3361 Knill JL (2003) Core values: the first Hans Cloos lecture Engineering Geology 62: 34 Legget RF (1939) Geology and Engineering New York: McGraw Hill McCall GJH, de Mulder EFJ, and Marker BR (eds.) (1996) Urban Geoscience Rotterdam: Balkema Muă ller Salzburg L (1976) Geology and engineering geo logy Reflections on the occasion of the 25th anniversary