Z-Plan Britain for recognition and restoration of his monarchy However, he was not recognized as head of state because the United Kingdom initially accepted Italy’s annexation of Albania in a failed attempt to keep Mussolini out of the strategic arms of Adolf Hitler A guerrilla campaign by Albanian Communists against Axis occupiers, and the proximity of the Red Army in 1945, prevented Zog’s return to power ZOLLVEREIN See Anschluss ZOMBIES Canadian Army slang for conscripts who refused to serve overseas: Canada was alone among significant belligerents in fighting with an all-volunteer force ZONE DEFENSE fense in depth U.S forces term for what most other militaries called de- ZONE LIBRE “free zone.” That part of France nominally controlled by the Vichy government, from mid-1940 to early November 1942, when the Wehrmacht occupied the whole country following the Anglo-American TORCH landings in North Africa ZOUAVES French colons (white settlers) who dressed Berber-style in brightly colored uniforms They formed whites-only units within the Armée d’Afrique By 1939 nearly 100,000 were fresh Iberian exiles, Republicans from the losing side in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) who were looking for work or to continue to fight fascism A number of Zouave regiments were moved to France to participate in defense against the Wehrmacht Operation FALL GELB in 1940 Z-PLAN “Ziel Plan.” In May 1938, supreme commander of the Kriegsmarine, Admiral Erich Raeder, was told by Adolf Hitler to prepare for a naval war with the Western powers Raeder proposed two possible shipbuilding programs The first would focus on speedy construction of a fleet of U-boats and pocket battleships, with the aim of total war against the maritime trade of Germany’s principal naval enemy, Great Britain Hitler instead accepted the second proposal on January 27, 1939 This became known as the “Z-Plan.” It eschewed commerce raiding in favor of building a “balanced fleet” of heavy cruisers, battlecruisers, battleships, and aircraft carriers Production was approved of a battlefleet of ships of sufficient size, numbers, and quality to challenge the Royal Navy for supremacy at sea, and for super battleships that would outclass anything the U.S Navy might float: 684 warships manned by more than 200,000 sailors were envisioned The catch was that it would take at least a decade to complete the construction program Raeder advised his Führer that for those 10 years, war with the Royal Navy must 1213