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Madagascar encouraged support for their aggressive diplomacy and war policy by the Wehrmacht officer corps MAC SHIP See Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC) MADAGASCAR This French colony on the east coast of South Africa remained loyal to Vichy after June 1940 Before the BARBAROSSA campaign in 1941 there was discussion in Nazi circles about deporting all European Jews to Madagascar By the time of the Wannsee conference in January 1941, that option was closed and the Nazis moved instead to implement the “final solution” by purpose-building death camps for the industrialized genocide of the Jews The Western Allies feared a Japanese invasion of the Vichyite island colony That was a proposal eagerly endorsed by Adolf Hitler, although never seriously contemplated by an overstretched Imperial Japanese Navy A Japanese naval and air base on Madagascar would have imperiled Indian Ocean convoys and naval and ground forces operations in East Africa, and it would have permitted the Axis to threaten the Suez Canal Therefore, on May 4, 1942, the British preemptively invaded, landing a small force on the northern tip of the island Franklin D Roosevelt promised U.S military aid if it was needed British casualties were about 1,000 during the invasion, plus an old dreadnaught lost to a Japanese submarine Fighting continued to November because the scratch British invasion force was severely undermanned It was also ill-disciplined: the multiethnic Mauritius Regiment mutinied on Madagascar, largely due to poor training, poor officering, and internal ethnic animosities Negotiations with the island’s Vichy governor ended the confl ict The British handed control of Madagascar to General Charles de Gaulle, greatly relieving him and the Free French political leadership of suspicion that London had designs to take over France’s overseas empire, a concern that had already threatened to rupture relations over the disposition of liberated Syria MAE WEST Slang for a pneumatic life jacket It was named for its resemblance, upon inflation, to the buxom Hollywood starlet MAGIC U.S code for intercepts of Japanese diplomatic messages, and some military communications This body of information is sometimes referred to as “the other ULTRA.” Cryptanalysis of the U.S Army’s Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) broke Japanese “PURPLE” machine encryptions before the start of the Pacific War The intercepts allowed American intelligence officers to read exchanges between Tokyo and the Japanese Embassy in Washington While providing important insight into Japanese political and foreign policy thinking and relations, MAGIC did not provide operational or other “actionable” intelligence—mainly because Japanese diplomats were not told about Army or Navy operations in advance MAGIC thus did not provide advance warning of the attacks on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941), the Philippines, or Hong Kong MAGIC traffic from Japanese Embassy 694
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