THE ECONOMICS OF MONEY,BANKING, AND FINANCIAL MARKETS 436

CHAPTER 16 The Money Supply Process LE A RNI NG OB J ECTI VES After studying this chapter you should be able to summarize the Bank of Canada s balance sheet and the monetary base discern who controls the monetary base and what causes it to change explain how the banking system creates deposits utilize a simple model of multiple deposit creation, showing how the central bank can control the level of deposits by setting the level of reserves PRE VI EW As we saw in Chapter and will see in later chapters on monetary theory, movements in the money supply affect interest rates and the overall health of the economy and thus affect us all Because of its far-reaching effects on economic activity, it is important to understand how the money supply is determined Who controls it? What causes it to change? How might control of it be improved? In this and subsequent chapters we answer these questions by providing a detailed description of the money supply process, the mechanism that determines the level of the money supply Because deposits at banks are by far the largest component of the money supply, understanding how these deposits are created is the first step in understanding the money supply process This chapter provides an overview of how the banking system creates deposits In addition, it outlines the basic building blocks needed in later chapters for you to understand in greater depth how the money supply is determined THRE E P LAYE RS I N T HE M O NE Y SU PP LY P ROC ESS The cast of characters in the money supply story is as follows: The central bank the government agency that oversees the banking system and is responsible for the conduct of monetary policy; in Canada, the Bank of Canada Banks (depository institutions) the financial intermediaries that accept deposits from individuals and institutions and make loans: chartered banks and near banks Depositors individuals and institutions that hold deposits in banks 404