582 PART • Market Structure and Competitive Strategy EX A M P L E 15.6 SHOULD YOU GO TO BUSINESS SCHOOL? Many readers of this book are contemplating attending business school and earning an MBA degree or are already enrolled in an MBA program Those of you thinking about business school (or already attending) might be wondering whether an MBA is worth the investment Let’s see if we can help you with your concern For most people, getting an MBA means an increase—very often a big increase—in salary Table 15.6 shows estimates of average pre-MBA and post-MBA salaries for 32 business schools, 24 in the United States and in other countries.18 As you can see, the increases in salaries are dramatic Bear in mind, however, that not all MBA programs are included in Table 15.6 Indeed, because the list includes many of the top MBA programs—and because the salaries are self-reported—they probably overstate average MBA salaries for all graduates For the United States as a whole, a rough estimate of the average salary of students about to enter business school is around $45,000 per year and the average increase in salary upon obtaining the MBA degree is about $30,000 per year For our simple analysis, we will assume that this $30,000 per year gain in salary persists for 20 years The typical MBA program in the United States takes two years and involves tuition and expenses of $45,000 per year (Very few MBA students obtain scholarships.) In addition to tuition and expenses, it is important to include the opportunity cost of the foregone pre-MBA salary, i.e., another $45,000 per year Thus, the total economic cost of getting an MBA is $90,000 per year for each of two years The NPV of this investment is therefore NPV = -90 - 90 90 30 + + g+ (1 + R) (1 + R)2 (1 + R)21 You can check that using a real discount rate of percent, the NPV comes out to about $180,000 Why is the payoff from an MBA at schools like those listed in Table 15.6 so much higher than the payoff from a four-year undergraduate degree? Because entry into many MBA programs (and especially the programs listed in Table 15.6) is selective and difficult (The same is true for other professional degree programs, such as law and medicine.) Because many more people apply to MBA programs than there are spaces, the return on the degree remains high Should you go to business school? As we have just seen, the financial part of this decision is easy: Though costly, the return on this investment is very high 18 The data show the average 2011 salary of students who received their MBAs in 2007 and are from the Financial Times business school rankings of 100 top schools (http://rankings.ft.com/ businessschoolrankings/global-mba-rankings-2011)