On food and cooking the science and lore of the kitchen ( PDFDrive ) 888

first wheat to be cultivated, around 10,000 years ago It grows best in cool conditions, tends to be rich in yellow carotenoid pigments and is high in protein However, where the proportions of elastic glutenin and flowing gliadin (p 521) are to in bread wheat, in einkorn they’re to The result is a sticky, fluid gluten that’s unsuited to breadmaking Emmer Wheat or Farro Emmer wheat, T turgidum dicoccum, was probably the second wheat to be cultivated It grew in warmer climates than einkorn, and became the most important cultivated form from the Near East through northern Africa and Europe until early Roman times, when it was superseded by durum and bread wheats But pockets of emmer cultivation survived in parts of Europe, and emmer is now widely available under its Italian name, farro In Tuscany whole farro grains go with beans into a winter soup; the pre-soaked grains are also made into a risotto-like dish called farrotto The Wheat Family Relationships in the wheat family are complicated and still the subject of scholarly argument Here is one plausible version of the family tree Those wheats whose grains are enclosed in adhering papery husks are noted as “hulled”; all the rest are hullless and are therefore much easier to prepare for cooking or milling Wheats in common use today are highlighted in bold type Wild einkorn (diploid; hulled; Triticum monococcum boeticum) Cultivated einkorn (diploid; hulled; T monococcum monococcum) A wild wheat, Triticum urartu + a goatgrass, Aegilops speltoides ...a risotto-like dish called farrotto The Wheat Family Relationships in the wheat family are complicated and still the subject of scholarly argument Here is one plausible version of the family tree Those wheats... papery husks are noted as “hulled”; all the rest are hullless and are therefore much easier to prepare for cooking or milling Wheats in common use today are highlighted in bold type Wild einkorn (diploid; hulled; Triticum monococcum... Wild einkorn (diploid; hulled; Triticum monococcum boeticum) Cultivated einkorn (diploid; hulled; T monococcum monococcum) A wild wheat, Triticum urartu + a goatgrass, Aegilops speltoides