On food and cooking the science and lore of the kitchen ( PDFDrive ) 1231

major force and helped ease its introduction into the southern American colonies and the cotton plantations According to one estimate, fully two-thirds of the 20 million Africans enslaved in the Americas worked on sugar plantations The intricate trade in sugar, slaves, rum, and manufactured goods made major ports out of the hitherto minor cities of Bristol and Liverpool in England, and Newport, Rhode Island And the huge fortunes made by plantation owners helped finance the opening stages of the Industrial Revolution In the 18th century, just when it seemed at its strongest, the West Indian sugar industry began a rapid decline The horrors of slavery gave rise to abolition movements, especially in Britain Slaves staged revolts, and received some support from the very countries that had carried them to the plantations One by one, through the mid-19th century, European countries outlawed slavery in the colonies The Development of Beet Sugar The severest blow to West Indian sugar was the development of an alternative to the sugar cane that could grow in northern climates In 1747, a Prussian chemist, Andreas Marggraf, showed that by using brandy to extract the juice of the white beet (Beta vulgaris, var altissima), a common European vegetable, he could isolate crystals that were identical to those purified from sugar cane, and in comparable quantities Marggraf foresaw a kind of cottage industry by which individual farmers could satisfy their own needs for sugar, but this never came about, and many years passed before the idea escaped the laboratory In 1811, the Emperor Napoleon officially set the goal of freeing France from dependence on the English colonies for various commodities, and in 1812 personally awarded a medal to Benjamin Delessert, who had developed a working sugar-beet factory In the next year, 300 such factories sprang up  ... before the idea escaped the laboratory In 1811, the Emperor Napoleon officially set the goal of freeing France from dependence on the English colonies for various commodities, and in 1812 personally... climates In 1747, a Prussian chemist, Andreas Marggraf, showed that by using brandy to extract the juice of the white beet (Beta vulgaris, var altissima), a common European vegetable, he could isolate.. .The Development of Beet Sugar The severest blow to West Indian sugar was the development of an alternative to the sugar cane that could grow in northern climates In 1747,