flipping, opinions on, 557 grilling, 32 hamburger, defined, 485 internal cooking temperatures, 548 pan-searing, after cooking sous-vide, 400–401 pub-style, best grilling methods, 554–57, 555, 556, 557 Pub-Style Thick and Juicy Cheeseburgers, 558–59, 559 salting, 546, 546–47, 547 smashing, four rules for, 551, 551–52 smashing (versus smashed), 549, 549–52, 551 smash time versus final weight, 551 Sous-Vide Cheeseburgers, 401 working meat for, 545, 545–46 Butter -and-flour roux, adding liquid to, 743, 743 butterfat content, 109, 109 clarified, about, 110 Foolproof Hollandaise Sauce, 107, 108, 111 milk proteins in, 109, 110 smoke point, 861 storing in refrigerator, 76 volume and weight conversions, 9 water content, 109, 109–10 Butter (Boston) lettuce, about, 767 Buttermilk biscuits, best methods for, 158–62, 160–62 Biscuits, Super-Flaky, 163 defined, 148 Easy Homemade Crème Frche, 123, 123 for homemade ricotta, 151–52 leavening properties, 143 pancakes, cooking experiments, 143–44, 144 pancakes, flavoring, 146 Pancakes, Light and Fluffy, 142, 150, 150 pancakes, science of, 142–46, 144 Ranch Dressing, 843 substitutes for, 148 Three-Ingredient Blue Cheese Dressing, 832, 832 volume and weight conversions, 9 Butters, Compound about, 325, 325 Blue-Cheese Butter Seasoning, 326 Garlic-Chile Butter Seasoning, 326 Lemon-Parsley Butter Seasoning, 326 Master Recipe for, 326 Cabbage See also Sauerkraut cooking techniques, 407 Creamy Coleslaw, 822, 822 Fried Fish Sandwiches with Creamy Slaw and Tartar Sauce, 895, 896 preparing, for chopped salads, 834 preparing, for soups, 190 Cabrales cheese, flavor of, and best uses for, 718–19 Caesar Salad, 823, 823 Caesar Salad, Kale, 828, 828–29 Caesar Salad Dressing, 808, 824, 824 Cake tester, 71–72 Camembert cheese, flavor of, and best uses for, 718–19 Canadian bacon ...leavening properties, 143 pancakes, cooking experiments, 143–44, 144 pancakes, flavoring, 146 Pancakes, Light and Fluffy, 142, 150, 150 pancakes, science of, 142–46, 144 Ranch Dressing, 843... Garlic-Chile Butter Seasoning, 326 Lemon-Parsley Butter Seasoning, 326 Master Recipe for, 326 Cabbage See also Sauerkraut cooking techniques, 407 Creamy Coleslaw, 822, 822 Fried Fish Sandwiches with Creamy Slaw and Tartar