On food and cooking the science and lore of the kitchen ( PDFDrive ) 1503

— with hydrogen atoms: there are no double bonds between carbon atoms, so each carbon within the chain is bonded to two hydrogen atoms An unsaturated lipid has one or more double bonds between carbon atoms along its backbone The double-bonded carbons therefore have only one bond left for a hydrogen atom A fat molecule with more than one double bond is called polyunsaturated Fats and fatty acids Fatty acids are mainly chains of carbon atoms, shown here as black dots (Each carbon atom has two hydrogen atoms projecting from it; the hydrogen atoms are not shown.) A fat molecule is a triglyceride, which is formed from one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids The acidic heads of the fatty acids are capped and neutralized by the glycerol, so the triglyceride as a whole no longer has a polar, watercompatible end The fatty-acid chains can rotate around the glycerol head to form chairlike arrangements (bottom) Fat Saturation and Consistency Saturation matters in the behavior of fats because double bonds significantly alter the geometry and the regularity of the fatty-acid chain, and so its chemical and physical properties A saturated fatty acid is very regular and can stretch out completely straight But because a double bond between carbon atoms distorts the usual bonding angles, it has the effect of adding a kink to the chain Two or more kinks can make it curl A group of identical and regular molecules fits more neatly and closely together than different and irregular molecules Fats ... is formed from one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids The acidic heads of the fatty acids are capped and neutralized by the glycerol, so the triglyceride as a whole no longer has a polar,... end The fatty-acid chains can rotate around the glycerol head to form chairlike arrangements (bottom) Fat Saturation and Consistency Saturation matters in the behavior of fats because double bonds significantly alter the geometry and the. .. But because a double bond between carbon atoms distorts the usual bonding angles, it has the effect of adding a kink to the chain Two or more kinks can make it curl A group of identical and regular molecules