On food and cooking the science and lore of the kitchen ( PDFDrive ) 1499

Lemon juice 2.1 Orange juice 3.0 Yogurt 4.5 Black coffee 5.0 Milk 6.9 Egg white 7.6–9.5 Baking soda in water 8.4 Household ammonia 11.9 Acids Acids are molecules that release reactive hydrogen ions, or protons, in water, where neutral water molecules pick them up and become positively charged The acids themselves become negatively charged Left: Water itself is a weak acid Right: Acetic acid The Definition of pH The pH of a solution is defined as “the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter.” The logarithm of a number is the exponent, or power, to which 10 must be raised in order to obtain the number For example, the hydrogen ion concentration in pure water is 10-7 moles per liter, so the pH of pure water is Larger concentrations are described by smaller negative exponents, so a more acidic solution will have a pH lower than 7, and a less acidic, more basic solution will have a pH higher than 7 Each increment of 1 in pH signifies an increase or decrease in proton concentration by a factor of 10; so there are 1,000 times the number of hydrogen ions in a solution of pH 5 as there are in a solution of pH 8 Fats, Oils, and Relatives: Lipids ... logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter.” The logarithm of a number is the exponent, or power, to which 10 must be raised in order to obtain the number For example, the hydrogen ion concentration in... example, the hydrogen ion concentration in pure water is 10-7 moles per liter, so the pH of pure water is Larger concentrations are described by smaller negative exponents, so a more acidic solution will have... concentration by a factor of 10; so there are 1,000 times the number of hydrogen ions in a solution of pH 5 as there are in a solution of pH 8 Fats, Oils, and Relatives: Lipids