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A TRANSCENDENTAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY 212

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… nahi nahi isko hum aise kaheinge, agar hum apnea ap ko pure ke pure present me le aayeinge tu mind is no more Mind is gone … [ … No! No! We should say it like this, when we bring ourselves completely into the present moment, then mind is no more Mind is gone …] (personal communication, May 9, 2018) Swami Gopalananda’s statement is consistent with Figure (above), which implies that people’s mental field does not interfere with pure happiness The present moment experiences of people are a part of people’s subjective wellbeing, measured with this formula: subjective well-being = overall life satisfaction + affect (Diener, 2000) Diener says ‘affect’ is an essential part of people’s subjective wellbeing, which means their positive or negative feelings, which relates to their present moment experiences As for happiness in the present moment, during his interview, Swami Gopalananda also said, “in nutshell … to be happy, one has to stay in the present The mind travels into the future, or into the past” (personal communication, May 9, 2018) So, by using techniques of being happy in the present moment, like mindfulness-based practices or developing the virtue of solitude, people can be happy without a quest for external success or fulfillment of desires Finding #3 is in line with a large body of literature suggesting a positive relationship between mindfulness-based practices and psychological well-being or happiness (Baer et al., 2012; Campos et al., 2016; Hsu & Langer, 2013; Malinowski, 2013; Mandal et al., 2011; Ramasubramanian, 2016; Teeter, 2016; Wallace & Shapiro, 2006) For example, Baer, Lykins, and Peters (2012) conducted a study on 77 participants engaged in a regular practice of meditation, and 75 demographically matched adults who never meditated regularly Researchers found most mindfulness and self-compassion scores correlated 199

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