Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống
1
/ 78 trang
THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Thông tin cơ bản
Định dạng
Số trang
78
Dung lượng
7,81 MB
Nội dung
A RISK ASSESSMENT OF RECREATIONAL BOATING TRAFFIC AND AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES (DREISSENID MUSSEL) INVASION TO LAKES, RIVERS AND RESERVOIRS OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES Technical Report on Research carried out under USFWS Cooperative Agreement No. 60181AG02 at the University of California Davis from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the Western Regional Panel of the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force Report prepared by Marion E. Wittmann, Ph.D. John Muir Institute for the Environment Tahoe Environmental Research Center University of California, Davis, CA 96516 Data compiled by Sarah Clements, M.S. Environmental Scientist March 1, 2012 Principal investigators: PI: Marion Wittmann*, Ph.D., Post‐doctoral researcher University of California Davis, Tahoe Environmental Research Center 291 Country Club Drive, Incline Village NV 89451 *Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN 46556, Email: Marion.E.Wittmann.3@nd.edu, 574 631 2502 co‐PI: Sudeep Chandra, Ph.D., Associate Professor Natural Resources and Environmental Science Department 1000 Valley Road/MS 186, University of Nevada‐Reno, NV 89451 sudeep@cabnr.unr.edu, 775‐784‐6221, 775‐784‐4583 (fax) co‐PI: Sarah Clements, M.S., Environmental Scientist SarahClements@rkymtnhi.com, (970) 888 9429 Project Partners: David Britton, Ph.D., Asst. Aquatic Nuisance Species Coordinator U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Fisheries, Region 2 UTA Box 19498 Arlington, TX 76019, (817) 272‐3714, david_britton@fws.gov Elizabeth Brown, Invasive Species Coordinator, Colorado Division of Wildlife 6060 Broadway, Denver, CO 80216, 303‐291‐7362, elizabeth.brown@state.co.us Rich Haskins, Deputy Director, Nevada Department of Wildlife 1100 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512, 775‐688‐1591, e‐mail: rhaskins@ndow.org 2 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary . 4 II. Introduction and background 6 A. 100th Meridian Initiative Recreational Boater Database 6 B. Study objectives 9 III. Methodology 9 IV. Results 11 A. Western Region (All) 12 B. Western Region (By State) . 17 C. Dreissenid mussel observations and recreational boating visitation 36 V. Conclusions and Recommendations 44 VI. Acknowledgements 47 VII. References . 48 Appendix I. Interview/Inspection Form for Trailered Boats 49 Appendix II. 100th Meridian Initiative Boater Database metadata 50 Appendix III. Western region inland waterbodies visited . 52 3 I Executive Summary Recreational boating has been established as an important source of spread of aquatic invasive species to inland water bodies. The link between boater travel patterns and the presence of aquatic nuisance species (ANS) such as dreissenid mussels has been demonstrated for aquatic systems in the Midwestern United States, New Zealand, and in Canada. The rapid invasion of dreissenid mussel species and other ANS to freshwater systems in U.S. has prompted a public outreach and data collection efforts on behalf of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s 100th Meridian Initiative program. This program addresses the spread of aquatic invasive species to inland freshwater bodies in the U.S. Western region. A major part of this effort is the widespread administration of recreational boater interviews to gather information that identifies origination points and destinations of boaters across the Western U.S. Since 2000, there have been over 23,000 interviews collected from the Western region. We have used this database to identify major sources and potential receptors of dreissenid mussel invasions. In addition, we assessed the spatial distribution of the sample (i.e., interview) collection sites, the amount of out‐of‐state trailered recreational boating per state, and the relationship between current dreissenid mussel distribution in the western region and the estimate of boater travel to those locations as indicated by the 100th Meridian Initiative Recreational Boating database. We have found that the spatial distribution of boater interview sites are highly heterogeneous, which can bias risk assessment of the western region as a whole. To address this, we present results with respect to interview site locations, boater destinations and out of state visitation on a state by state basis. With respect to current dreissenid mussel distribution and the 100th Meridian Initiative database, a number of states (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Utah) have significant undersampling of the boating population. To address this we present only relative values of boater visitation and strongly recommend further data collection within these regions to better identify risk presented by boater movement to these regions. The 100th Meridian database is the richest collection of data with respect to recreational boater movement. States such as California, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota are well represented in 4 the database providing a list of waterways to monitor and an accurate correlation of risk with respect to current dreissenid mussel distribution for these regions. In short, the three main recommendations for improving the 100th Meridian Recreational Boater database include: 1. Greater distribution of interview locations across the western region in order to increase the number of waterways represented, but also the ability to estimate the magnitude of the connectivity between them 2. Greater representation of interviews from water bodies and states in the southwestern region. Here are sites that have high density infestations of dreissenid mussels, knowledge of the boating behavior to and from these locations will greatly assist in the reduction of spread from these locations. 3. The ability for increased use and visualization of the 100th Meridian Initiative Recreational Boater database by scientists and managers to understand the change in connectivity with a water body of interest and the rest of the aquatic landscape and its invasive pattern. This may aid in annual decision making in terms of the amount of resource utilized to protect or quarantine particular locations. 5 II Introduction and background Humans play a critical role in the dispersal of aquatic nuisance species (ANS) and are a major vector in the overland transmission of quagga and zebra mussels to the western United States (Johnstone et al. 1985, Padilla et al. 1996, Johnson et al. 2001, Leung et al. 2006). Where these species have established in North America, they have dominated aquatic ecosystems, incurred high economic costs for water conveyance systems, impacted recreational opportunities, and have no known large scale eradication strategy. The Western U.S. contains some of the largest and most recreationally utilized lakes, rivers and reservoirs in the United States. These waterways attract millions of visitor days by boaters not only from within the region, but all over the U.S. and are currently experiencing increasing numbers of non‐native species introductions. In particular, the establishment of dreissenid mussel species poses a threat to these western waterways. Because many aquatic species can become entrained on boats or boating equipment, transient recreational boating has often been used as an estimate of invasion pressure to inland freshwater bodies, and used to predict prior and future species invasions (MacIssac et al. 2004, Leung et al. 2006). As there are few control and no eradication strategies for dreissenid mussel species, the prevention of their introduction is the only known tactic to avoid their costly impacts. Through the prevention of nuisance species introductions to lakes and reservoirs, important agricultural, municipal and recreational resources such as aqueducts, irrigation canals, lakes, rivers, reservoirs and ponds can continue to provide utility while minimizing long‐term control costs of these species. A 100th Meridian Initiative Recreational Boater Database The federal government has a history of devoting significant resources to managing nonindigenous species that are agricultural pests and preventing the introduction of new ones, but the intent and allocation of resources that impact natural systems was sparse until the 1990’s. The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) 1993 overview of harmful ANS in the U.S. concluded that the federal framework to addressed ANS at the time was patchwork and not 6 designed to address the NAS problems facing the US. The federal government acknowledged the need for a comprehensive national ANS policy and passed the National Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act (P.L. 101‐646) in 1990 and the National Invasive Species Act (P.L. 104‐332) in 1996. Through these acts, the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force was created which was co‐chaired by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The ANS Task force formed the Western Regional Panel (WRP) on Aquatic Nuisance Species in 1997 to help limit the introduction, spread and impacts of Dreissenid mussels and other aquatic nuisance species into the western region (i.e., west of the 100th Meridian). To achieve these goals, the WRP formed the 100th Meridian Initiative which was a multi‐agency partnership among the states and provinces along the 100th Meridian. The 100th Meridian Initiative was to address seven components aimed at slowing or preventing the spread of ANS: 1) information and education, 2) voluntary boat inspections and boater surveys, 3) commercially hauled boats, 4) monitoring, 5) rapid response, 6) identification and risk assessment of additional pathways and 7) evaluation. This report assesses the results from component 2, by summarizing results of recreational boater interviews. As part of the interview process, recreational boaters were approached while entering or exiting a water body and sampled for information specific to boating site, boater demographic, knowledge/action, destination and inspection results (Appendix I). The Center for Biological Macrofouling Research at the University of Texas at Arlington became the 100th Meridian Recreational Boating Database (hereafter “the database”) manager and began collecting the first interviews for this project in 1998 – 1999 in the 100th Meridian States (TX, OK, KS, NE, SD). The first report of these data was prepared as a technical report (Buch and McMahon 2001) and later published in the peer‐reviewed literature (Britton and McMahon 2005). The 100th Meridian Initiative recreational boater program and database has grown substantially since its inception in 1998. Between 1998 and 2010, the number of interview site locations in the original 100th Meridian states contributing to the database has increased from 2 – 80 times 7 the numb ber of sites iin some stattes, indicatin ng a continuoously growin ng rate of co ontribution (Figure 1). Since this time, most w western reggion states h ave contribu uted to the d database and at present tthere are over 23,000 interviews reccorded. • • Figure 1. 100th Meridian state es have greatlyy improved thee number of intterview locatio ons from progrram in nception period d to present: 2 to 80 times in ncrease in somee states With the continu ued spread o of Dreissenid d mussels to western reggions, the 10 00th Meridian n ontinues to d develop with h participatioon from academic, statee, federal and Initiative program co general p public stakeh holders. Researchers at the Universiity of Nevad da Las Vegas used three survey fo ormats (conttact, mail‐in,, and trailer counts) as ggenerated byy the 100th M Meridian Initiative to test whe ether boater awareness to ANS in thhe southwesttern region has change since blishment off dreissenid mussels in LLake Mead N National Recrreation Areaa (LMNRA) the estab (Muetingg and Gerste enberger 201 11). In respo onse to musssel invasion in LMNRA aand other western locations, m most states have adopted d some form m of watercraaft screening or inspection ption) prograam to go along with pub blic outreachh and educattion and early detection (intercep programs. Most of th hese program ms are based on the Waatercraft Insp pection and mination Traaining (WIT) programs th hat have beeen offered b by the Pacificc States Marrine Decontam Fisheriess Commission n (PSMFC) and its partne ers, includinng the Westeern Regionall Panel, througho out the westtern United SStates since 2007 (Zook and Phillipss 2009). 8 B Study objectives The purpose of this study is to identify the highest risk waterways for ANS introduction in the U.S. Western region (west of the 100th Meridian) by examining the USFWS 100th Meridian Initiative recreational boater interview database. The specific objectives are as follows: 1) To identify the most intensively recreationally utilized and thus highest at‐risk waterways for all ANS in the U.S. Western region (west of 100th Meridian to coastal states) based on the USFWS 100th Meridian Initiative recreational boater surveys. Additionally, to present the boater originations for these regions, and the rate of out of state visitation, on a state by state basis to identify regions at risk for long distance dispersal. 2) To present the relationship between current dreissenid mussel establishment in the western region and the magnitude of recreational boater visitation to these locations. 3) To identify data gaps in sample collection in order to make recommendations with which to increase the efficacy and accuracy of future risk assessment using the 100th Meridian Recreational boating database. III Methodology All results presented herein have been assessed using the 100th Meridian Initiative Recreational Boater database which is fully accessible at http://www.100thmeridian.org. The database was queried August 2011 and so any data added after that time was not included in this report. The database includes recreational boater survey data collected from sites in the western region of the United States and parts of Canada. Interview collection methodology for the 100th Meridian Initiative database is summarized at http://www.100thmeridian.org. The format for the questionnaire is presented in Appendix I and all interview information in the database is based on this questionnaire or a similar format. The geographic boundaries of the sample (i.e., 9 interview) collection region included 17 states of the continental US west of the 100th Meridian: North Dakota (ND), South Dakota (SD), Nebraska (NE), Kansas (KS), Oklahoma (OK), Texas (TX), New Mexico (NM), Colorado (CO), Wyoming (WY), Montana (MT), Idaho (ID), Utah (UT), Arizona (AZ), Nevada (NV), California (CA), Oregon (OR), and Washington (WA). The 100th Meridian Initiative Database contains three tables: the State Information Table (StateInfo’), Survey Data Table (‘SurveyData’), and the Destinations Data Table (‘Destinations’). ‘StateInfo’ contains 69 state and provinces in the United States and Canada, an ID number assigned to each state and province, the abbreviation used for each state and province, and comments whether a state or province has any known cases of dreissenid mussels. ‘SurveyData’ contains the majority of responses from the boat surveys with most common fields including the assigned ID number, the Interview State, Date, and Time; the Waterbody where the Interview took place; the Launch Site where the Interview took place (also referred to as the Interview Site); and the Home State and Zip Code of the Boater. All fields used in the ‘SurveyData’ Table of the Database are listed in Appendix II. ‘Destinations’ contains the names of all waterbodies boaters had been to or were planning on going to for recreation and includes the date of the visit, and the state and the county of the waterbodies. ‘Destinations’ Table fields use herein included: the Main Record ID, the Destinations Waterbody, the Destinations State, the Destinations County, the Date that the boating occurred, and whether the Boater’s had Been to a Destination or were Going (BORG). The ‘SurveyData’ Table (‘SurveyData’) was used to create the individual state queries. Random records were compared from the filtered queried data with the original records before and after exporting the data from Access to Excel to ensure quality control. All record that did not have a zip code or waterbody associated with it were excluded from the analysis. In addition to deleting incomplete records, other records were cleaned by correcting spelling errors, selecting and using one common name for ‘Waterbody’ and ‘launchsites /interviewsites’ with multiple names or spelling, and filling in any obvious missing data such as a state abbreviation. Google Earth (Google Earth, 2010) and individual state boating sites (i.e. NRCS or 10 STATE MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT # VISITS 48 47 40 38 32 30 29 28 24 19 15 15 13 10 10 10 10 9 8 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 WATERBODY Hauser Lake Tongue River Reservoir Cooney reservoir Yellowtail Reservoir Noxon Reservoir Lake Koocanusa Seeley Lake Nelson Reservoir Lake Frances Swan Lake Missouri River Whitefish Lake Hebgen Lake Flathead River Georgetown Lake Lake Mary Ronan Little Blackfoot River Hungry Horse Reservoir Thompson Lake Bighorn Lake Harrison Lake Salmon Lake Bitterroot Lake Dailey Lake Ennis Lake Yellowstone River Brownes Reservoir Ashley Lake Deadman's Basin Foys Lake Hyalite Reservoir Black Sandy Lake Blanchard Lake Bull Lake Clark Canyon Reservoir Lake Alva McGergor Lake Newlan Creek Reservoir 64 STATE MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NE WATERBODY Beaver Creek Reservoir Buffalo Bill Reservoir Cabin Lake Carpenter Lake Cliff Lake Finley Flats Homestead and Medicine Lakes Lake Como Lake Helena Martinsdale Reservoir McDonald Lake Miller Creek Missoula Lake Quake Lake Ruby Reservoir Shannon Lake Silver Lake Talley Lake Lake Sakakawea Audubon Lake Devils Lake Northgate Dam Missouri River Blacktail Lake Crooked Lake Hiddenwood Lake Lake Oahe Lake Tschida Dead Colt Creek Indian Creek Bay Recreation Are Jamestown Reservoir Lake Darling Lake Metigoshe Lake Trenton McKenna Lake Smishek Lake Van Hook Arm Missouri River 65 # VISITS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 35 13 12 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 590 STATE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE WATERBODY Lake McConaughy Calamus Reservoir Box Butte Reservoir Lake Minatare Lewis and Clark Lake Sherman Reservoir Harlan County Reservoir Merritt Reservoir Elwood Reservoir Branched Oak Lake Johnson Lake State Recreation Are Davis Creek Reservoir Walgren Lake Enders Reservoir Willow Creek Lake Fremont Lake Red Willow Reservoir Lake Maloney Oliver Reservoir Carter Lake Medicine Creek Reservoir Pawnee Lake Wehrspann Lake Beaver Lake Winters Creek Lake Conestoga Lake Lake North Smith Lake Goose Lake Desoto Bend National Wildlife Are Harry Strunk Lake Swan Lake Swanson Lake Whitney Lake Zorinsky Lake Burchard Lake Frontier County Road Reservoir 1 Gavins Point Dam 66 # VISITS 325 187 154 152 122 121 118 103 69 56 38 32 23 21 21 19 19 16 16 15 12 11 9 8 8 7 7 7 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 STATE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE WATERBODY Lake Ogallala Plum Creek Canyon Reservoir Twin Lakes Valentine NWR Lakes Big Alkali Lake Bluestem Lake Cottonwood‐Stevenson Lake Sutherland Reservoir Burwell‐Sumter Diversion Reservoir Kilpatrick Lake Lake Hastings Lovewell Reservoir Phillips Canyon Reservoir Plattsmouth Reservoir 10‐A Summit Lake Alma City Reservoir Bridgeport SRA Chalco Hills Recreation Area Cheyenne State Recreation Area Columbus Reservoir Cunningham Lake Czechland Lake Gallagher Canyon Reservoir Grove Lake Reservoir Hackberry Lake Jeffrey Reservoir Kirkmans Cove Lake Kirwin Reservoir Lazy River Acres Niobrara River Merritt Reservoir Offut AFB Lake Omaha area Pierce Lake Pony Creek Riverside Lake Rock Creek Rockford Lake 67 # VISITS 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 STATE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NV NV NV NV NV NV NV NV NV NV NV NV NV NV NV NV OK OK OK # VISITS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 9 7 5 5 2 1 1 1 1 1 52 20 18 6 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 97 77 54 WATERBODY Round Lake Sand Hills Lake St. Helena Lake Standing Bear Lake Swan Creek Reservoir 5‐C Walnut Creek Watts Lake Wildwood Lake Elephant Butte Conchas Lake Ute Reservoir Caballo Lake Navajo Reservoir Heron Lake Abiquiu Reservoir Cochiti Reservoir Eagles Nest Lake El Vado Reservoir Los Alamos Reservoir Lake Mead Lake Mohave South Fork Reservoir Colorado River Pyramid Lake Laughlin River Lake Tahoe Walker Lake Wild Horse Reservoir Lahontan Reservoir Topaz Lake Comins Lake Frenchman Lake Illipah Reservoir Lake Pleasant Rye Patch Reservoir Kaw Lake Grand Lake Skiatook Lake 68 STATE OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK WATERBODY Fort Gibson Lake Tenkiller Lake Lake Texoma Grand Lake O' the Cherokees Eufaula Lake Keystone Lake Oologah Lake Copan Lake Lake Murray Lake Hudson Sooner Lake Lake of the Arbuckles Lake Thunderbird Birch Lake Canton Lake Lake Arcadia Lake Stanley Draper McGee Creek Spavinaw Lake Chouteau Lock and Dam 17 Lake Blackwell Lake Hefner Lake Lawtonka Lake Ponca Navigation Channel Robert S. Kerr Reservoir Spring River Verdigris River Waurika Lake Altus Reservoir Broken Bow Lake Brushy Lake Chickasaw Lake Davis Reservoir Dow Lake Fort Cobb Reservoir Great Salt Plains Reservoir Heyburn Lake 69 # VISITS 49 43 35 30 23 21 10 8 8 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 STATE OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR WATERBODY Hinton Lake Lake Eucha Lake Humphrey Lake Pawhuska Lake Perry Lake Shidler Okemah Lake Okmulgee Lake Pine Creek Lake Sardis Lake Skyline Lake Strip Pits State Management Area Wes Watkins Reservoir Columbia River Willamette River John Day River Brownlee Reservoir Lake Owyhee Lake Billy Chinook Malheur Reservoir Snake River Willamette Falls Hydroelectric Power Reservoir Deschutes River Unity Reservoir Clackamas River Cultus Lake Herman Creek Klamath Lake Lost Creek Lake Phillips Lake Prineville Reservoir Tenmile Lake Devils Lake Foster Lake Green Peter Lake Haystack Reservoir North Fork Reservoir 70 # VISITS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 108 29 23 17 14 10 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 STATE OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD # VISITS 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1069 381 318 168 104 68 59 43 40 39 39 32 WATERBODY Willow Creek Reservoir Chetco River Clear Lake Cooper Creek Reservoir Cottage Grove Lake Crane Prairie Reservoir Detroit Lake Elk Lake Emigrant Reservoir Fall Creek Lake Gilbert River Hells Canyon Reservoir Henry Hagg Lake McKay Reservoir Prairie City Reservoir Rogue River Saddle Lake Salmon Lake Tahkenitch Lake Tualatin River Waldo Lake Wallowa Lake Welcome Lake Wickiup Reservoir Willamina Reservoir Wolf Creek Reservoir Lake Francis Case Lake Sharpe Lake Oahe Lewis and Clark Lake Lake Thompson Waubay Lake Fort Randall Dam Tailwate Angostura Reservoir Lake Madison Brant Lake Lake Poinsett Lake Vermillion 71 STATE SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD # VISITS 27 25 24 23 15 14 13 12 12 10 9 9 8 8 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 WATERBODY Bitter Lake Missouri River Enemy Swim Lake Cattail Lake Bad River Big Stone Lake Roy Lake Belle Fourche Reservoir Lake Mitchell Pickerel Lake Clear Lake Lake Yankton Lake Albert Lake Kampeska Wall Lake Antelope Lake Horseshoe Lake McCook Lake Buffalo Lakes Lake Henry Lake Herman Pactola Reservoir Clay County Park Lake Lake Louise Lynn Lake Mina Lake Swan Lake Lake Byron Lake Hendricks Merritt Reservoir Sheridan Lake Amsden Lake Blue Doy Lake Brakke Dam Cheyenne River Cottonwood Lake Herman Lake Lake Alvin 72 STATE SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX # VISITS 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 10 5 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 WATERBODY Lake Sinai Pelican Lake Shadhill Reservoir Stockade Lake Wilmarth Lake Bullhead Lake Elm Lake Grassy Lake Hayes Dam Indian Creek Lake Lake Cochrane Lake Hurley Lake Oakwood Lakota Lake Marindahl Lake Minnewasta Lake Red Iron Lake Roosevelt Lake Scott's Slough Spirit Lake Stock Dam White Lake Lake Texoma Lake Fork Reservoir Lake Sam Rayburn Toledo Bend Reservoir Lewisville Lake Ray Roberts Lake Amistad Reservoir Canyon Lake Lake Arlington Lake Murvaul Lake O' the Pines Wright Patman Lake Caddo Lake Carter Lake Cedar Creek Reservoir Lake Arrowhead 73 STATE TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT UT WA # VISITS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 84 6 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 180 WATERBODY Lake Athens Lake Bonham Lake Buchanan Lake Georgetown Lake Merideth Lake Travis Lake Whitney Lake Worth Martin Creek Lake Monticello Reservoir Pat Mayes Lake Red River Sandlin Lake Sescarid Lake Stillhouse Hollow Lak Lake Powell Jordanelle Reservoir Bear Lake Willard Reservoir Strawberry Lake Pineview Utah Lake Yuba Reservoir Deer Creek East Canyon Echo Reservoir Flaming Gorge Colorado River Green River Hunnington Reservoir Montera Pelican Lake Rockport Schofield Stratton Waller Bay Weber River Snake River 74 STATE WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA # VISITS 175 98 58 53 31 31 29 27 22 19 17 13 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 7 6 6 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 WATERBODY Columbia River Drano Lake Wind River Lake Roosevelt Diamond Lake Liberty Lake Moses Lake Banks Lake Potholes Reservoir Pend Oreille River Clear Lake Lake Washington Hood Canal Long Lake Loon Lake Saddle Mountain Lake Potholes State Park Rimrock Lake Sacheen Lake Big White Salmon River Lake Tapps Riffe Lake Sprague Lake American Lake Deer Lake Lake Chelan Scooteney Reservoir Blue Lake Buffalo Lake Horseshoe Lake Lacamas Lake Lake Stevens Newman Lake Silver Lake Spokane River Swift Creek Reservoir Wanapum Lake Billy Clapp Lake 75 STATE WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WATERBODY Black Lake Crescent Lake Dalton Lake Eloika Lake Fishtrap Lake Kalama River Lake Goodwin Lewis River O'Sullivan Lake Sullivan Lake Sun Lakes State Park Badger Lake Baker Lake Battle Ground Lake Big Lake Bow Lake Cowlitz River Davis Lake Deep Lake Evergreen Lake Fort Spokane Lake Hamilton Island Kitsap Lake Klickitat River Lake Mayfield Lake Merwin Lake Roesiger Lake Samish Lake Sammamish Lake Sawyer Lake St Clare Lake Suquamish Lake Union Lake Whatcom Little Diamond Lake Lost Lake North and South Skookum Lakes Park Lake 76 # VISITS 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 STATE WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY # VISITS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 144 87 84 67 52 52 37 26 14 13 12 11 8 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 WATERBODY Rock Lake Roesiger Lake Rose Lake Rowland Lake Silver Crown Lake Snohomish River Soda Lake Stan Coffin Lake Trout Lake Waitts Lake Warden Lake Washougal Lake Yakima River Yale Lake Glendo Reservoir Boysen Reservoir Alcova Reservoir Keyhole Reservoir Bighorn Lake Flaming Gorge Reservoir Pathfinder Reservoir Guernsey Reservoir Seminole Reservoir Buffalo Bill Reservoir Lake DeSmet Grayrocks Reservoir Hawk Springs Reservoir Fontenelle Reservoir Granite Reservoir Jackson Lake Sunshine Reservoir Yellowstone Lake Fremont Lake Lake Hattie Ocean Lake Bass Lake LAK Reservoir Lake Viva Naughton 77 STATE WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY # VISITS 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 WATERBODY Reservoir # 1 Soda Lake Sulfur Ceek Reservoir Bull Lake Castlerock Reservoir Cheyenne River Cody Municipal Reservoir Crystal Reservoir Deaver Reservoir Dinwoody Lake Gillete Reservoir Glenrock Half Moon Lake Harrington Reservoir Lake Powell Leavitt Lake Meadowlark Lake Miracle Reservoir North Platte River Renner Reservoir Snake River Wheatland #1 78