Status Dogs 135 deemed dangerous It is an offence for the person in charge of any dog (not just banned breeds) to allow it to be ‘dangerously out of control’ anywhere— in public or private space.5 Dog Fighting Evans et al (1998, p 827) describe dog fighting as ‘the act of baiting two dogs against one another for entertainment or gain’ and is an offence under the Animal Welfare Act 2006 This is discussed in detail in the chapter on Animal Fighting, but, in brief, there are three types of dog fighting The first is organised, which exists in the UK, but is more widespread in the USA (Ortiz 2010) The second form, more prevalent in the UK, is ‘dog rolling’ or ‘chaining’ This is casual, impromptu fighting between status dogs with young owners in public places that may be filmed on mobile phones and is less likely to be motivated by significant financial gain (RSPCA 2009, 2010) The third type is cultural, which lies between the former two in terms of organisation It has traditionally taken place in Pakistan and rural Punjab and Kashmir, but has been ‘imported’ to the UK by young Asians after they or their relatives have witnessed it in situ (Bassey 2009) In sum, there is a lack of consensus around the definition of status dogs and associated terms, and consequently, a lack of clarity around the identification of these dogs For example, are status dogs any bull breed accompanying a youth, any dog owned by a gang member, any dog out of control or used for dog fighting? What is clear is that the consequence of attributing the title of status dogs to select breeds has amplified the harm they experience, as discussed forthwith Irresponsible Ownership of Status Dogs: Nature of the Abuse There are multiple harms caused by the irresponsible ownership of status dogs This section will identify the nature of legal and illegal harms at each point of ownership: breeding, training, caring for, fighting, abandonment or killing of The DDA was amended again in 2014 and, under section 3, it is now a criminal offence for the person in charge of a dog to allow it to be ‘dangerously out of control’ anywhere—that is in a private place (e.g., a neighbour’s house or garden) or in the owner’s home, not just in a public space, as was the situation previously This extension to the law was a response to dog attacks in the home and on private property A dog is considered dangerously out of control if it injures someone or makes someone worried that it might injure them The recent Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 also contained a number of clauses concerning dangerous dogs (see Bennett, 2016) including increased penalties