Animals in Scientific Research 409 Cox, F E G (2002) History of human parasitology Clin Microbiol Rev, 15(4), 595–612 Crawford, A Z., Patel, D V., & McGhee, C N J (2013) A brief history of corneal transplantation: From ancient to modern Oman J Ophthalmol, 6(Suppl 1), S12–S17 Crowley, W F Jr (2003) Translation of basic research into useful treatments: how often does it occur? Am J Med, 114(6), pp 503–505 Dinsmoor, J A., Bonbright, J C Jr., & Lilie, D R (1971) A controlled comparison of drug effects on escape from conditioned aversive stimulation (‘anxiety’) and from continuous shock Psychopharmacologia, 22, 323–332 European Commission (2013) Seventh report on the statistics on the number of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes in the member states of the European Union http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri= COM:2013:0859:FIN:EN:PDF Accessed 25 August 2015 European Commission (2010) Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri= celex:32010L0063 Accessed 25 August 2015 European Commission (2006) Results of questionnaire for the general public on the revision of Directive 86/609/EEC on the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_ani mals/pdf/results_citizens.pdf Accessed 25 August 2015 European Economic Community (1986) Council Directive of 24 November 1986 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes (86/609/EEC) http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/aw/aw_legislation/scientific/ 86-609-eec_en.pdf Accessed 25 August 2015 European Medicines Agency (2008) Guideline on Repeated Dose Toxicity http:// www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/ 09/WC500003103.pdf Accessed 25 August 2015 European Union Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing [EURLECVAM] (2012) European Union reference laboratory for alternatives to animal testing https://eurl-ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Accessed 25 August 2015 Gallup, G G Jr (1970) Chimpanzees: self-recognition Science, 167, 86–87 Giles, J (2006) Animal experiments under fire for poor design Nature, 444, (7122), 981 Godlee, F (2014) How predictive and productive is animal research? BMJ, 348, g3719 Goodall, J (1987, May 17) A plea for the chimps New York Times Magazine, pp 108–110 Grant, J., Green, L., & Mason, B (2003) From bedside to bench: Comroe and Dripps revisited London: Brunel University, Health Economics Research Group [HERG] (Research Report No 30)