496 | Sanctuaries raise the money for a permanent sanctuary But in 1994, because of the ethnic violence in Burundi, we had to move all of them, 20 by then, to Kenya, where a new sanctuary, Sweetwaters, had been built for them That is how it always starts An individual chimpanzee looks, from his place of fear and confusion and pain, into your eyes, and reaches out to touch you The very first African sanctuary began when one tiny and badly wounded infant was confiscated from a hunter, who had shot her mother in neighboring Zaire, and taken to a British couple, Dave and Sheila Siddle, who run a cattle ranch in Zambia They nursed her back to health and were given a permit to keep her And so, of course, government officials brought them the next confiscated infant And the next, and the next And when people realized that, at last, there was a place where young chimpanzees would be properly cared for and loved, youngsters began arriving from other parts of the world Of course, as the Siddles’ chimpanzee family grew, so did their expenses They had to fence in a large area of their land, and build strong cages for night quarters and where the chimpanzees could be cared for if they were sick or injured The Chimfunshi Animal Orphanage is now home to more than 100 chimpanzees There are now 13 sanctuaries in Africa that care for orphan chimpanzees, including the Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Center in the Republic of the Congo, which JGI manages In Zambia, Kenya, and South Africa, where there are no wild chimpanzees, the orphans are considered refugees from neighboring countries This gives a total of over 600 chimpanzees in sanctuaries Of course, the number is constantly changing as new orphans arrive and, in- evitably, a few die The best place to check on the African chimpanzee sanctuaries is the Pan African Sanctuary Alliance (PASA), www.pasaprimates.org There is an additional colony of chimpanzees belonging to the New York Blood Center located in Liberia Dr Fred Prince is working to move these ex-experimental chimpanzees to a safe sanctuary It must be mentioned that there are also five sanctuaries that care for orphan gorillas, two in Cameroon, one in Gabon, one in the Republic of the Congo, and one in DRC These sanctuaries care for over 78 gorillas Another sanctuary in the DRC cares for over 50 bonobos Often I am asked why we not return our orphans to the wild The answer is that we would if we could, but it is a very difficult process First, it is necessary to find an area of suitable chimpanzee habitat where there are few wild chimpanzees, who are territorial and typically kill strangers, especially males, and no people, for our orphans have no fear of humans and would wander into a village and either be hurt or hurt someone We are actively searching for ideal places for reintroduction in Congo-Brazzaville, for our sanctuary is currently operating over capacity If we are successful we shall then have to ensure that our youngsters acquire the skills they need to survive in the wild One sanctuary that has successfully released chimpanzees into the wild is H.E.L.P in the Republic of CongoBrazzaville Conservationists often accuse us of wasting money by caring for captive individuals rather than spending our precious dollars on trying to save wild chimpanzees and their vanishing habitat; however, I feel we have no choice After all, ever since I began my research into chimpanzee behavior at Gombe,