118 | Chimpanzees in Captivity World-renowned conservationist Jane Goodall gives a little kiss to Tess, a female chimpanzee at the Sweetwaters Chimpanzee Sanctuary (AP Photo/Jean-Marc Bouju) writing, it is still pending This act, supported by animal welfare organizations and some primatologists, would prohibit invasive research on great apes, prohibit funding for such research, prohibit the transportation of great apes for such research, and require that all great apes be retired to sanctuary Whether or not these efforts are successful, important work remains to be done for all currently captive chimpanzees to ensure that they receive the highest level of care To promote their psychological well-being, all captive adult chimpanzees must be provided with the opportunity to develop stable social relationships with other chimpanzees Captive chimpanzees need to live in a chimpanzee community where they can communicate with others of their kind and learn to exhibit species-typical behaviors At a minimum, providing them with access to the outdoors, space to develop social relations and to avoid conflict, materials to nest, fresh fruits and vegetables, and enrichment to keep their active minds stimulated, are essential for the well-being of captive chimpanzees Keeping chimpanzees in captivity denies them their freedom, but their wildness remains within them It is possible, with diligence and care, to respect their wild dignity, and this is what every one of them deserves See also Sanctuaries; Sanctuaries, Chimpanzees in Further Reading Brent, L 2001 The care and management of captive chimpanzees San Antonio: American Society of Primatologists Call, J., & Tomasello, M 2008 Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? 30 years later Trends in Cognitive Science, 12, 187–192 Fouts, R., 1997 Next of kin: What chimpanzees have taught me about who we are New York: William Morrow & Co