Freight Demand Model for Southern California Freeways with Owner-

San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Mineta Transportation Institute Publications 10-2020 Freight Demand Model for Southern California Freeways with Owner–Operator Truck Drivers Joseph J Kim California State University, Long Beach Samuel Dominguez California State University, Long Beach Luis Diaz California State University, Long Beach Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/mti_publications Part of the Operations and Supply Chain Management Commons, and the Transportation Commons Recommended Citation Joseph J Kim, Samuel Dominguez, and Luis Diaz "Freight Demand Model for Southern California Freeways with Owner–Operator Truck Drivers" Mineta Transportation Institute Publications (2020) https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1931 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by SJSU ScholarWorks It has been accepted for inclusion in Mineta Transportation Institute Publications by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks For more information, please contact scholarworks@sjsu.edu Project 1931 October 2020 Freight Demand Model for Southern California Freeways with Owner–Operator Truck Drivers Joseph J Kim, PhD, PE Samuel Dominguez Luis Diaz C S U T R A N S P O RTAT I O N C O N S O RT I U M transweb.sjsu.edu/csutc MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER Hon Norman Y Mineta Founded in 1991, the Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI), an organized research and training unit in partnership with the Lucas College and Graduate School of Business at San José State University (SJSU), increases mobility for all by improving the safety, efficiency, accessibility, and convenience of our nation’s transportation system.Through research, education, workforce development, and technology transfer, we help create a connected world MTI leads the four-university MTI leads the four-university California State University Transportation Consortium funded by the State of California through Senate Bill MTI’s transportation policy work is centered on three primary responsibilities: Research MTI works to provide policy-oriented research for all levels of government and the private sector to foster the development of optimum surface transportation systems Research areas include: bicycle and pedestrian issues; financing public and private sector transportation improvements; intermodal connectivity and integration; safety and security of transportation systems; sustainability of transportation systems; transportation / land use / environment; and transportation planning and policy development Certified Research Associates conduct the research Certification requires an advanced degree, generally a Ph.D., a record of academic publications, and professional references Research projects culminate in a peer-reviewed publication, available on TransWeb, the MTI website (http://transweb.sjsu.edu) Education The Institute supports education programs for students seeking a career in the development and operation of surface transportation systems MTI, through San José State University, offers an AACSBaccredited Master of Science in Transportation Management and graduate certificates in Transportation Management,Transportation Security, and High-Speed Rail Management that serve to prepare the nation’s transportation managers for the 21st century.With the active assistance of the California Department ofTransportation (Caltrans), MTI delivers its classes over a state-of-the-art videoconference network throughout the state of California and via webcasting beyond, allowing working transportation professionals to pursue an advanced degree regardless of their location To meet the needs of employers seeking a diverse workforce, MTI’s education program promotes enrollment to under-represented groups Information and Technology Transfer MTI utilizes a diverse array of dissemination methods and media to ensure research results reach those responsible for managing change These methods include publication, seminars, workshops, websites, social media, webinars, and other technology transfer mechanisms Additionally, MTI promotes the availability of completed research to professional organizations and journals and works to integrate the research findings into the graduate education program MTI’s extensive collection of transportation- related publications is integrated into San José State University’s world-class Martin Luther King, Jr Library MTI BOARD OF TRUSTEES Founder, Honorable Norman Mineta* Secretary (ret.), US Department of Transportation Chair, Abbas Mohaddes President & COO Econolite Group Inc Vice Chair, Will Kempton Executive Director Sacramento Transportation Authority Executive Director, Karen Philbrick, PhD* Mineta Transportation Institute San José State University Winsome Bowen Chief Regional Transportation Strategy Facebook David Castagnetti Co-Founder Mehlman Castagnetti Rosen & Thomas Maria Cino Vice President America & U.S Government Relations Hewlett-Packard Enterprise Grace Crunican** Owner Crunican LLC Diane Woodend Jones Principal & Chair of Board Lea + Elliott, Inc Takayoshi Oshima Chairman & CEO Allied Telesis, Inc Donna DeMartino Managing Director Los Angeles-San Diego-San Luis Obispo Rail Corridor Agency David S Kim* Secretary California State Transportation Agency (CALSTA) Paul Skoutelas* President & CEO American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Nuria Fernandez** General Manager & CEO Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) Therese McMillan Executive Director Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) Beverley Swaim-Staley President Union Station Redevelopment Corporation John Flaherty Senior Fellow Silicon Valley American Leadership Form Bradley Mims President & CEO Conference of Minority Transportation Officials (COMTO) William Flynn * President & CEO Amtrak Jeff Morales Managing Principal InfraStrategies, LLC Jim Tymon* Executive Director American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Rose Guilbault Board Member Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board Dan Moshavi, PhD* Dean, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business San José State University Ian Jefferies* President & CEO Association of American Railroads Toks Omishakin* Director California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Directors Karen Philbrick, PhD Executive Director Hilary Nixon, PhD Deputy Executive Director Asha Weinstein Agrawal, PhD Education Director National Transportation Finance Center Director Brian Michael Jenkins Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein This document is disseminated in the interest of information exchange The report is funded, partially or entirely, by a grant from the State of California This report does not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California or the Mineta Transportation Institute, who assume no liability for the contents or use thereof This report does not constitute a standard specification, design standard, or regulation National Transportation Security Center Director Larry Willis* President Transportation Trades Dept., AFL-CIO * = Ex-Officio ** = Past Chair, Board of Trustees REPORT 20-34 FREIGHT DEMAND MODEL FOR SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FREEWAYS WITH OWNER–OPERATOR TRUCK DRIVERS Joseph J Kim, PhD, PE Samuel Dominguez Luis Diaz October 2020 A publication of Mineta Transportation Institute Created by Congress in 1991 College of Business San José State University San José, CA 95192-0219 TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Report No 20-34 Government Accession No Recipient’s Catalog No Title and Subtitle Freight Demand Model for Southern California Freeways with Owner–Operator Truck Drivers Report Date October 2020 Authors Joseph J Kim, PhD, PE, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-3009 Samuel Dominguez Luis Diaz Performing Organization Report CA-MTI-1931 Performing Organization Name and Address Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business San José State University San José, CA 95192-0219 10 Work Unit No 12 Sponsoring Agency Name and Address State of California SB1 2017/2018 Trustees of the California State University Sponsored Programs Administration 401 Golden Shore, 5th Floor Long Beach, CA 90802 13 Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report Performing Organization Code 11 Contract or Grant No ZSB12017-SJAUX 14 Sponsoring Agency Code 15 Supplemental Notes DOI: 10.31979/mti.2020.1931 16 Abstract This study evaluates the demand for truck-only toll lanes on Southern California freeways with owner–operator truck drivers The study implemented the stated preference survey method to estimate the value placed by drivers on time, reliability, and safety measures using various scenarios geared towards assessing those values The project team met face-to-face with owneroperator truck drivers near the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to understand the drivers’ perspectives regarding truck-only toll lanes on Southern California freeways A data set containing 31 survey responses is obtained and used for statistical data analysis using analysis of variable (ANOVA) and two sample t-tests The analysis results showed that 75.27% of the owner– operator truck drivers responded are willing to pay toll fees when they choose routes The tolerated average toll fees are $13.77/ hr and $12.82/hr for weekdays and weekends, respectively The analysis results also showed that owner–operator truck drivers will take truck-only toll lanes when they take the routes used in four comparisons out of six comparisons according to the three measures such as values of time, reliability, and safety, despite sharing a common origin and destination The highest toll fee per mile on any day that drivers are willing to pay when the main factor being compared is value of time is $0.31/mile or $18.35/hr The toll fees associated with reliability and safety measures are $0.30/mile or $8.94/hr and $0.22/mile or $11.01/hr, respectively These results are meaningful for legislators and transportation agencies as the behaviors and route choice characteristics of owner–operator truck drivers help them better understand the utility and demand for truck-only toll lanes 17 Key Words Truck routes, owner operators, value of time, reliability, safety 18 Distribution Statement No restrictions This document is available to the public through The National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 19 Security Classif (of this report) 20 Security Classif (of this page) Unclassified Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Unclassified 21 No of Pages 46 22 Price Copyright © 2020 by Mineta Transportation Institute All rights reserved DOI: 10.31979/mti.2020.1931 Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business San José State University San José, CA 95192-0219 Tel: (408) 924-7560 Fax: (408) 924-7565 Email: mineta-institute@sjsu.edu transweb.sjsu.edu 100220 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writers of this report thank the owner–operator truck drivers who participated in the face-to-face survey processes during data collection in the areas of Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles The writers also thank Dr Hamid Rahai, Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Programs of College of Engineering at California State University Long Beach, and Dr Hilary Nixon, Deputy Executive Director of Mineta Transportation Institute at San José State University, for their kind guidance The authors thank Editing Press, for editorial services, as well as MTI staff, including Executive Director Karen Philbrick, PhD; Graphic Designer Alverina Eka Weinardy; and Communications and Operations Manager Irma Garcia This material is based upon work supported by TRANSPORT-2018/19 under the SB1 grant Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect the views of MTI Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e v TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary I Introduction 3 II Literature Review III Research Objectives 11 IV Methodology 12 Scenarios Used in Survey 15 V Data Collection Process 17 Study Boundary 17 Data Collected  18 VI Results 20 Comparison of Scenarios with Same Origin and Destination 23 Results: Value of Time Scenarios 24 Results: Value of Reliability Scenarios 25 Results: Safety Scenarios 26 VII Conclusions 28 Appendix A: Stated Preference Survey 30 Abbreviations and Acronyms 40 Bibliography 41 About the Authors 45 Peer Review 46 Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e vi LIST OF FIGURES Flowchart for Research Methodology  14 Map of Survey Locations of Interest 18 Comparison of Respondents’ Preference by Scenario 20 Comparison of Tolerated Toll Fees by Scenario 22 SP Survey Preliminary Questions 30 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario 1 31 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario 2 32 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario 3 33 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario 4 34 10 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario 5 35 11 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario 6 36 12 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario 7 37 13 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario 8 38 14 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario 9 39 Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e vii LIST OF TABLES Cases of VOT Estimation by Nation  Comparison of VOT Estimated Using WR Method Comparison of VOT Estimated Using MRS Method  Comparison of VOT Estimated Using LM Method Descriptive Statistics for Tolerated Toll Fees by Scenario 21 ANOVA Results on Tolerated Toll Fees for All Nine Scenarios 23 Statistical Results for Same Origin and Destination 23 Stated Preference Scenarios for VOT  25 Results on Estimation for VOT Measures 25 10 Stated Preference Scenarios for VOR  26 11 Results on Estimation for VOR Measures 26 12 Stated Preference Scenarios for Safety Measures 27 13 Results on Estimation for Safety Measures 27 14 Summary of Results on Key Measures 27 Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e Appendix A: Stated Preference Survey Figure SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e 33 Appendix A: Stated Preference Survey Figure SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e 34 Appendix A: Stated Preference Survey Figure 10 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e 35 Appendix A: Stated Preference Survey Figure 11 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e 36 Appendix A: Stated Preference Survey Figure 12 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e 37 Appendix A: Stated Preference Survey Figure 13 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e 38 Appendix A: Stated Preference Survey Figure 14 SP Survey Questionnaire for Scenario Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e 39 40 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ANOVA IRB LM MRS RP SCAG SP VOR VOT WR Analysis of Variance Insitutional Research Board Logit Model Marginal Rate of Substitution Revealed Preference Southern California Association of Governments Stated Preference Value of Travel Reliability Valuation of Time Wage Rate Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e 41 BIBLIOGRAPHY Álvarez, Óscar, Pedro Cantos, and Leandro García “The Value of Time and Transport Policies in a Parallel Road Network.” Transport Policy 14, no (2007): 366–76 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.04.012 Asensio, Javier, and Anna Matas “Commuters’ Valuation of Travel Time Variability.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 44, no (2008): 1074–85 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2007.12.002 Brownstone, David, and Kenneth A Small “Valuing Time and Reliability: Assessing the Evidence from Road Pricing Demonstrations.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 39, no (2005): 279–93 https://doi.org/10.1016/j tra.2004.11.001 Calfee, John, and Clifford Winston “The Value of Automobile Travel Time: Implications for Congestion Policy.” Journal of Public Economics 69, no (1998): 83–102 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(97)00095-9 Carrion, Carlos, and David Levinson “Valuation of Travel Time Reliability from a GPS-Based Experimental Design.” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 35 (2013): 305–23 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j trc.2012.10.010 Choi, Chang-Ho “Value of Freight Travel-Time Savings for Road Investment Evaluation.” Journal of Korean Society of Transportation 20, no (2002): 41–52 Choi, Chang-Ho “A Study on Estimating the Value of Travel Time of Freight Transportation for Toll Roads Investment Evaluation.” Journal of the Korea Land Studies 43 (2004): 3–15 Cirillo, C., and K W Axhausen “Evidence on the Distribution of Values of Travel Time Savings from a Six-Week Diary.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 40, no (2006): 444–57 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2005.06.007 de Jong, Gerard “Value of Freight Travel-Time Savings.” In Handbook of Transport Modelling, edited by A Hensher David and J Button Kenneth, 649–63: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2007 de Jong, Gerard, Carine Vellay, and Michel Houée “A Joint SP/RP Model of Freight Shipment from the Region Nord-Pas De Calais.” Proceedings of the AET European Transport Conference, September 10–12, 2001, Homerton College, Cambridge, UK Ehreke, Ilka, Stephane Hess, Claude Weis, and Kay W Axhausen “Reliability in the German Value of Time Study.” Transportation Research Record 2495, no (2015): 14–22 https://doi.org/10.3141/2495-02 Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e Bibliography 42 Fehmarn Belt Traffic Consortium Fehmarn Belt Traffic Demand Study Danish and German Ministries of Transport, FTC, Copenhagen, Final report, 1999 FHWA Hers-St V2.0 Highway Economic Requirements System-State Version: Technical Report U.S Dept of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (Washington, D.C.: 2002) Accessed May 1, 2020 https://permanent.access.gpo gov/lps57467/lps57467/isddc.dot.gov/OLPFiles/FHWA/010945.pdf Georgia State Road and Tollway Authority (2006) “Value Pricing on the I-75 HOV/BRT Project.” Accessed October 15, 2019 http://www.georgiatolls.com/SRTAExternal/ pdf/i-75hov-brt-project.pdf Ghosh, Arindam “Valuing Time and Reliability: Commuters’ Mode Choice from a Real Time Congestion Pricing Experiment.” PhD diss., University of California Irvine, 2001 Hayashi, Yoshihiko, and Hisayoshi Morisugi “International Comparisons of Background Concept and Methodology of Transportation Project Appraisal.” Transport Policy 7, no (2000): 73–88 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967070X(00)00015-9 Hossan, Md Sakoat “Impacts of User Heterogeneity and Attitudinal Factors on Roadway Pricing Analysis: Investigation of Value of Time and Value of Reliability for Managed Lane Facilities in South Florida.” PhD diss., Florida International University, 2016 Kawamura, Kazuya “Perceived Benefits of Congestion 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KRIHS Value of Personal Travel Time of Toll Road Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, 2003 Lam, Terence C., and Kenneth A Small “The Value of Time and Reliability: Measurement from a Value Pricing Experiment.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 37, no (2001): 231–51 https://doi org/10.1016/S1366-5545(00)00016-8 Lei, Guo “Value of Time and Marginal Driving Costs for Private Car Drivers with Data from Stockholm Congestion Charging Trial.” MS thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2011 Levinson, D., and B Smalkoski “Value of Time for Commercial Vehicle Operators in Minnesota.” TRB International Symposium on Road Pricing University of Minnesota, 2003 Li, Zheng, David A Hensher, and John M Rose “Willingness to Pay for Travel Time Reliability in Passenger Transport: A Review and Some New Empirical Evidence.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 46, no (2010): 384–403 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2009.12.005 Liu, Henry X., Will Recker, and Anthony Chen “Uncovering the Contribution of Travel Time Reliability to Dynamic Route Choice Using Real-Time Loop Data.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 38, no (2004): 435–53 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2004.03.003 Liu, Henry X., Xiaozheng He, and Will Recker “Estimation of the Time-Dependency of Values of Travel Time and Its Reliability from Loop Detector Data.” Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 41, no (2007): 448–61 https://doi.org/https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2006.07.002 Meunier, David, and Emile Quinet “Value of Time Estimations in Cost Benefit Analysis: The French Experience.” Transportation Research Procedia (2015): 62–71 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2015.06.042 Miao, Qing “Measuring the Value of Time in Highway Freight Transportation.” PhD diss., Texas A&M University, 2014 ODOT The Value of Travel-Time: Estimates of the Hourly Value of Time for Vehicles in Oregon Oregon Department of Transportation, Policy & Economic Analysis Unit, 2004 Puckett, Sean M., David A Hensher, John M Rose, and Andrew Collins “Design and Development of a Stated Choice Experiment for Interdependent Agents: Accounting for Interactions between Buyers and Sellers of Urban Freight Services.” Transportation 34, no (2007): 429–51 https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11116-007-9114-z Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e Bibliography 44 Sheikh, Adnan, Angshuman Guin, and Randall Guensler “Value of Travel Time Savings: Evidence from I-85 Express Lanes in Atlanta, Georgia.” Transportation Research Record 2470, no (2014): 161–68 https://doi.org/10.3141/2470-17 Smalkoski, Brian, and David Levinson “Value of Time for Commercial Vehicle Operators in Minnesota.” Journal of the Transportation Research Forum 44, no (2005): 89–102 Small, K A, Noland, R., Chu, X., Lewis, D Valuation of Travel-Time Savings and Predictability in Congested Conditions for Highway User-Cost Estimation, NCHRP Report No 431 (1999) Small, Kenneth A., Clifford Winston, and Jia Yan “Uncovering the Distribution of Motorists’ Preferences for Travel Time and Reliability.” Econometrica 73, no (2005): 1367–82 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00619.x Sun, Yichen, Tomer Toledo, Katherine Rosa, Moshe E Ben-Akiva, Kate Flanagan, Ricardo Sanchez, and Erika Spissu “Route Choice Characteristics for Truckers.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2354 (2013): 115–121 DOI: 10.3141/2354-12 Tilahun, Nebiyou and Levinson, David Matthew “Value of Time Comparisons in the Presence of Unexpected Delay.” Travel Demand Management and Road User Pricing: Success, Failure and Feasibility Wafaa Saleh & Gerd Sammer (eds.), pp 173–184, Ashgate Publishers, 2009; Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/ abstract=1736028 Wang, Zun “Truck GPS Data in Freight Planning: Methodologies and Applications for Measurement and Forecasting.” PhD diss., University of Washington, 2014 Wolff, Hendrik “Value of Time: Speeding Behavior and Gasoline Prices.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 67, no (2014): 71–88 https://doi org/10.1016/j.jeem.2013.11.002 Zamparini, Luca, and Aura Reggiani “Freight Transport and the Value of Travel Time Savings: A Meta‐Analysis of Empirical Studies.” Transport Reviews 27, no (2007): 621–36 https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640701322834 Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e 45 ABOUT THE AUTHORS JOSEPH J KIM Dr Joseph J Kim, PE (PI) is Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Management at California State University Long Beach He supervised two undergraduate students and was responsible for overall project coordination, assuring successful project completion, and preparing the final MTI report Prior to this research, Dr Kim played an important role in a research project that evaluated several ITS-based treatments for the safety of a pedestrian crossing the streets funded by the Federal Highway Administration He worked on the overall management of that project, which included the supervision of students collecting data based on either human or video observation, organization of data, statistical analysis using non-parametric tests, and reporting of the results The outcomes had been featured in several publications and presentations at the meetings of the Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board and the annual Transportation Research Board The PI has previous experience as a GIS specialist at the Gainesville Police Department in Florida and has a minor in statistics, which is a significant advantage for conducting this research SAMUEL DOMINGUEZ Samuel Dominguez is a senior civil engineering student at the Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Management at California State University Long Beach who contributed to accomplishing the goals of this research project His interests within the field include structural engineering and project management The scope of his work includes assistance of design for the stated preference survey form, collection and analysis of field data with the PI, and preparation of the MTI report LUIS DIAZ Luis Diaz is a civil engineering graduate with his E.I.T and is pursuing his MS degree in Civil Engineering at the Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Management at California State University Long Beach He is interested in helping the community by finding solutions that will improve the transportation system He worked on this project to accomplish the goals of this research project The scope of his work included conducting a supplemental literature review and assisting with design for the stated preference survey form Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e 46 PEER REVIEW San José State University, of the California State University system, and the Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) Board of Trustees have agreed upon a peer review process required for all research published by MTI The purpose of the review process is to ensure that the results presented are based upon a professionally acceptable research protocol Min e ta Tra n s p o rt a t io n I n s t it u t e MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER Hon Norman Y Mineta Founded in 1991, the Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI), an organized research and training unit in partnership with the Lucas College and Graduate School of Business at San José State University (SJSU), increases mobility for all by improving the safety, efficiency, accessibility, and convenience of our nation’s transportation system.Through research, education, workforce development, and technology transfer, we help create a connected world MTI leads the four-university MTI leads the four-university California State University Transportation Consortium funded by the State of California through Senate Bill MTI’s transportation policy work is centered on three primary responsibilities: Research MTI works to provide policy-oriented research for all levels of government and the private sector to foster the development of optimum surface transportation systems Research areas include: bicycle and pedestrian issues; financing public and private sector transportation improvements; intermodal connectivity and integration; safety and security of transportation systems; sustainability of transportation systems; transportation / land use / environment; and transportation planning and policy development Certified Research Associates conduct the research Certification requires an advanced degree, generally a Ph.D., a record of academic publications, and professional references Research projects culminate in a peer-reviewed publication, available on TransWeb, the MTI website (http://transweb.sjsu.edu) Education The Institute supports education programs for students seeking a career in the development and operation of surface transportation systems MTI, through San José State University, offers an AACSBaccredited Master of Science in Transportation Management and graduate certificates in Transportation Management,Transportation Security, and High-Speed Rail Management that serve to prepare the nation’s transportation managers for the 21st century.With the active assistance of the California Department ofTransportation (Caltrans), MTI delivers its classes over a state-of-the-art videoconference network throughout the state of California and via webcasting beyond, allowing working transportation professionals to pursue an advanced degree regardless of their location To meet the needs of employers seeking a diverse workforce, MTI’s education program promotes enrollment to under-represented groups Information and Technology Transfer MTI utilizes a diverse array of dissemination methods and media to ensure research results reach those responsible for managing change These methods include publication, seminars, workshops, websites, social media, webinars, and other technology transfer mechanisms Additionally, MTI promotes the availability of completed research to professional organizations and journals and works to integrate the research findings into the graduate education program MTI’s extensive collection of transportation- related publications is integrated into San José State University’s world-class Martin Luther King, Jr Library MTI BOARD OF TRUSTEES Founder, Honorable Norman Mineta* Secretary (ret.), US Department of Transportation Chair, Abbas Mohaddes President & COO Econolite Group Inc Vice Chair, Will Kempton Executive Director Sacramento Transportation Authority Executive Director, Karen Philbrick, PhD* Mineta Transportation Institute San José State University Winsome Bowen Chief Regional Transportation Strategy Facebook David Castagnetti Co-Founder Mehlman Castagnetti Rosen & Thomas Maria Cino Vice President America & U.S Government Relations Hewlett-Packard Enterprise Grace Crunican** Owner Crunican LLC Diane Woodend Jones Principal & Chair of Board Lea + Elliott, Inc Takayoshi Oshima Chairman & CEO Allied Telesis, Inc Donna DeMartino Managing Director Los Angeles-San Diego-San Luis Obispo Rail Corridor Agency David S Kim* Secretary California State Transportation Agency (CALSTA) Paul Skoutelas* President & CEO American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Nuria Fernandez** General Manager & CEO Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) Therese McMillan Executive Director Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) Beverley Swaim-Staley President Union Station Redevelopment Corporation John Flaherty Senior Fellow Silicon Valley American Leadership Form Bradley Mims President & CEO Conference of Minority Transportation Officials (COMTO) William Flynn * President & CEO Amtrak Jeff Morales Managing Principal InfraStrategies, LLC Jim Tymon* Executive Director American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Rose Guilbault Board Member Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board Dan Moshavi, PhD* Dean, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business San José State University Ian Jefferies* President & CEO Association of American Railroads Toks Omishakin* Director California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Directors Karen Philbrick, PhD Executive Director Hilary Nixon, PhD Deputy Executive Director Asha Weinstein Agrawal, PhD Education Director National Transportation Finance Center Director Brian Michael Jenkins Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein This document is disseminated in the interest of information exchange The report is funded, partially or entirely, by a grant from the State of California This report does not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California or the Mineta Transportation Institute, who assume no liability for the contents or use thereof This report does not constitute a standard specification, design standard, or regulation National Transportation Security Center Director Larry Willis* President Transportation Trades Dept., AFL-CIO * = Ex-Officio ** = Past Chair, Board of Trustees ...Project 1931 October 2020 Freight Demand Model for Southern California Freeways with Owner–Operator Truck Drivers Joseph J Kim, PhD, PE Samuel Dominguez... AFL-CIO * = Ex-Officio ** = Past Chair, Board of Trustees REPORT 20-34 FREIGHT DEMAND MODEL FOR SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FREEWAYS WITH OWNER–OPERATOR TRUCK DRIVERS Joseph J Kim, PhD, PE Samuel Dominguez... 20-34 Government Accession No Recipient’s Catalog No Title and Subtitle Freight Demand Model for Southern California Freeways with Owner–Operator Truck Drivers Report Date October 2020 Authors Joseph