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Utah State University From the SelectedWorks of Susanne U Janecke Winter 2014 Janecke et al 2014 liquefaction talk Cache Valley UQFPWG-2014_Presentations.pdf Susanne U Janecke R Q Oaks Jr Tammy Rittenour, Utah State University Available at: https://works.bepress.com/susanne_janecke/222/ Updates about Pleistocene earthquakes in East Cache Valley, Utah Susanne Janecke Robert Q. Oaks, Jr Tammy Rittenour Each colored unit is liquefied Our topic today is how the filling of a pluvial lake Bonneville by climate forcing may have produced a tectonic signature in the Basin and Range province. Cache Valley, Utah Maps from Reheis, Gilbert and DuRoss 2005 Hansel Valley eq, 1934, M6.6, is analogue A Since Lake Bonneville, normal faults in Cache Valley slipped at low rates with long recurrence intervals B The depth of the basement suggests higher rates in the past • Site is at a segment boundary, where several faults branch Central segment of ECF: MRE 4.5 ka Penultimate event was 15.6 to 18.5 ka during Provo time Janecke and Oaks, 2011 Northern segment: No evidence of latest Quaternary slip except for a lateral spread (McCalpin, 1987, 1994) Gravity data show that the main range‐ front fault bends and steps about 5 km west at the Green Canyon segment boundary Then Backhoe restored ~ a quarter(?) of original outcrop Now *40 m below Bonneville Shoreline *Colors denote liquefied units Research questions 3. Did large earthquakes trigger the liquefaction (and the associated slumps)? 4. How many liquefaction events are there? 5. Does the Bonneville hydrograph need revision? 6. Why were earthquakes so clustered under L. Bonneville? • Geochronology: Several new ages, more aliquots of OSL, 4 radiocarbon in progress Updates • Aerial photos from 1937 reveal unmapped faults and scarps • Outcrop photos from 1980’s document extent of liquefaction near range front • We considered post‐Bonneville earthquakes to compare Holocene and Pleistocene frequencies of earthquakes • We examine the distribution of the significant liquefaction farther west in the gravel pit liquefied Plus exposures of East Cache fault under power line, sld. 51 2013 map Methods: • Geologic mapping, analysis of outcrops in the gravel pit • Digging, cleaning and logging at main outcrop • Use of backhoe to restore the main outcrop • Radiocarbon and OSL dating of beds below and above deformed layers • Stereo‐analysis of 1980’s photos of outcrop • Stereo‐analysis of several sets of aerial photos 1937 Aerial photo reveal unmapped fault scarps in post‐Bonneville alluvium Qdsb Qgp Road Fault scarps may be 5‐20 m west of current exposure or seismite? 48 Hansel Valley earthquake McCalpin et al, 1992 49 23 Hansel Valley has ~7 liquefaction events in West Gully Farther south, East Cache fault was temporarily exhumed by Rocky Mtn power company Janecke and Oaks, 2011 51 54 55 56 57 58 Did the East Cache fault really produce these large scarps in the Provo delta’s topset? ... Basin and Range province.? ?Cache? ?Valley, Utah Maps from Reheis, Gilbert and DuRoss 2005 Hansel? ?Valley? ?eq, 1934, M6.6, is analogue A Since Lake Bonneville, normal faults in? ?Cache? ?Valley? ?slipped at low rates ... Look north Provo‐age alluvial fan gravel Transgressive Bonneville sand or seismite? 48 Hansel? ?Valley? ?earthquake McCalpin et al, 1992 49 23 Hansel Valley has ~7 liquefaction events in West Gully... above deformed layers • Stereo‐analysis of 1980’s photos of outcrop • Stereo‐analysis of several sets of aerial photos 1937 Aerial photo reveal unmapped fault scarps in post‐Bonneville alluvium Qdsb Qgp