patient may suffer from the progression of hydrocephalus with symptoms of headaches, agitation, and obtundation The development of cranial nerve dysfunction necessitates neurosurgical intervention for decompression of the posterior fossa with potential removal of hemorrhage Venous Infarcts Venous infarcts are generally seen after craniotomy, especially if the venous sinuses are involved in the surgical field Repair of dural sinus lacerations or prolonged compression of a sinus by an extrinsic force places the patient at risk of venous sinus thrombosis and infarction Presenting symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, and seizures, often resembling those caused by pseudotumor cerebri Cerebral venous thrombosis and/or dural sinus thrombosis can lead to venous infarction This infarction may present as hemorrhage and often involves the subcortical white matter CT scan reveals hemorrhage that may traverse the typical arteriovascular boundaries The component of hemorrhage or significant mass effect resulting from cerebral edema becomes a neurosurgical emergency Evacuation of the clot may be necessary, as may decompressive craniectomy Suggested Readings and Key References Blumstein H, Schardt S Utility of radiography in suspected ventricular shunt malfunction J Emerg Med 2009;36(1):50–54 Brown RD Jr, Weibers DO, Forbes GS Unruptured intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations: frequency of intracranial hemorrhage and relationship of lesions J Neurosurg 1990;73(6):859–863 Carney N, Totten AM, O’Reilly C, et al Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, fourth edition Neurosurgery 2017;80(1):6– 15 Chandrasenan J, Klezl Z, Bommireddy R, et al Spondylodiscitis in children J Bone Joint Surg Br 2011;93(8):1122–1125 Chi JH, Fullerton HJ, Gupta N Time trends and demographics of deaths from congenital hydrocephalus in the United States: national center for health Statistics data, 1979 to 1998 J Neurosurg 2005;103(2 Suppl):113– 118