management, 1282 triage, 1282 Aortic valve stenosis, 519 Aphthous-like ulcers, 1317 Aphthous stomatitis, 312 , 349 t, 352 , 1317 Aphthous ulcers, 1317 Aplasia cutis, 463 , 1355 Aplastic anemia, 418 –419 Apnea, 505 , 1030 approach to diagnosis and management, 104 f, 105 –106 tasks of emergency physician, 105 tests, 105 BRUE/ALTE in, 102 –103 , 103 t congenital abnormalities and, 102 , 105 definition, 102 differential diagnosis, 102 –103 , 103 f evaluation and decision episodes, 104 –105 initial stabilization, 103 underlying cause, 105 –106 exogenous factors, 102 historical features, 104 t life-threatening conditions, 104 t muscular response in, 102 pathophysiology, 102 as result of life-threatening child abuse, 102 Apneic oxygenation, 38 Appendage torsion, 410 , 415 Appendicitis, 152 –153 , 358 , 553 with abscess and fecalith, 1295 f acute nonperforated, 1290 clinical assessment, 1291 clinical recognition, 1290 –1291 evidences, 1290 management, 1291 –1293 treatment goals, 1290 triage considerations, 1291