Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành (Nghề Công nghệ kỹ thuật ĐiệnĐiện tử CĐTC)

TRƢỜNG CAO ĐẲNG NGHỀ ĐỒNG THÁP KHOA ĐIỆN – ĐIỆN TỬ GIÁO TRÌNH MƠN HỌC: ANH VĂN CHUN NGÀNH NGÀNH, NGHỀ: CN T ĐI N ĐI N T TRÌNH ĐỘ: CAO ĐẲNG/TRUNG CẤP (Ban hành kèm theo Quyết định Số: /QĐ-CĐNĐT ngày… tháng…năm 2018 Hiệu trưởng Trường Cao đẳng nghề Đồng Tháp) Đồng Tháp, năm 2018 TUYÊN BỐ BẢN QUYỀN Tài liệu thuộc loại sách giáo trình nên nguồn thơng tin đƣợc phép dùng ngun trích dùng cho mục đích đào tạo tham khảo Mọi mục đích khác mang tính lệch lạc sử dụng với mục đích kinh doanh thiếu lành mạnh bị nghiêm cấm LỜI GIỚI THIỆU Chúng biên soạn tài liệu giảng dạy nhằm trang bị cho sinh viên nghề Kỹ thuật Điện – Điện tử kiến thức, khái niệm từ ngữ Tiếng Anh lên quan đến nội dung sinh viên nghề Kỹ thuật Điện – Điện tử học phần kiến thức chun mơn nghề ví dụ như dụng cụ điện, vật liệu điện, loại dụng cụ đo, điện trở, trở kháng, diode Cùng với nội dung kiến thức, khái niệm từ ngữ Tiếng Anh chuyên ngàn , sinh viên rèn luyện kỹ đọc hiểu Vì tài liệu Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Kỹ thuật Điện – Điện tử trang bị kiến thức kỹ giúp cho người học đọc hiểu tham khảo dễ dàng tài liệu tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Kỹ thuật Điện – Điện tử cấp độ Đồng thời kiến thức tiếng Anh mà sinh viên có từ tài liệu h trợ cho em q trình học mơn học chuyên ngành khác Tài liệu gồm M i gồm phần bản: khóa, dạng tập đọc hiểu sử dụng từ ngữ, phần giải thích từ ngữ Chúng tơi chân thành cám ơn tất thầy cô Khoa Điện-Điện Tử, Tổ Bộ Môn Ngoại Ngữ Trường Cao đẳng Nghề Đồng Tháp giúp chúng tơi hồn thành giáo trình Đây lần biên soạn giảng nên khơng tránh khỏi sai sót Trong q trình dạy học, mong bạn đồng nghiệp đóng góp thêm để chúng tơi hồn thiện CHÂN THÀNH CẢM ƠN! Đồng tháp, ngày tháng năm 2018 Tham gia biên soạn Chủ biên: Lâm Văn Vũ Huỳnh Tấn Hiếu MỤC LỤC  TRANG Lời giới thiệu 01 Unit Electric Tools 05 Unit Electric Materials 11 Unit Measuring Instruments 16 Unit Circuit Elements 22 Unit The Effects of Electric Current 27 Unit Diodes 31 Unit Transistor 36 Unit Field Effect Transitor 41 10.Unit Resistors and Resistance 46 11 Tài liệu tham khảo 51 GIÁO TRÌNH MƠN HỌC/MƠ ĐUN Tên mơn học/mơ đun: ANH VĂN CHUN NGÀNH KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN ĐIỆN TỬ (ENGLISH FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING) Mã mơn học/mơ đun: MH09 Vị trí, tính chất, ý nghĩa vai trị mơn học/mơ đun: - Vị trí: Mơn học đƣợc bố trí sau học xong môn học chung sau học sinh học xong môn tiếng Anh sau số môn học/ mô-đun đào tạo chuyên môn nghề - Tính chất: Là mơn học kỹ thuật sở trang bị cho sinh viên kĩ đọc hiểu tiếng Anh để sử dụng tiếng Anh ngữ cảnh chuyên ngành mức độ sở củng cố cung cấp cho sinh viên kiến thức chuyên ngành kỹ thuật điện – điện tử - Ý nghĩa vai trị mơn học/mơ đun: Môn học trang bị cho sinh viên nghề kỹ thuật điện – điện tử kiến thức khái niệm từ ngữ Tiếng Anh lên quan đến nôi dung sinh viên nghề kỹ thuật điện – điện tử đƣợc học phần kiến thức chun mơn nghề ví dụ nhƣ vật liệu dẫn điện vất liệu cách điện điện trở trở kháng transistor dụng cụ đo… giúp cho ngƣời học đọc hiểu dễ dàng kiến thức tiếng Anh chuyên ngành cấp độ tham khảo tài liệu chuyên ngành kỹ thuật điện – điện tử tiếng Anh Mục tiêu môn học/mô đun: - Về kiến thức: Nhận biết thuật ngữ giáo trình Điện tử công nghiệp liên quan đến chủ đề nhƣ dụng cụ điện vật liệu điện loại dụng cụ đo điện trở trở kháng diode Hiểu đƣợc nội dung đọc hiểu giáo trình kỹ thuật Điện – Điện tử liên quan đến chủ đề - Về kỹ năng: Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành kỹ thuật Điện – Điện tử tập trung chủ yếu phát triển kỹ đọc hiểu số chủ điểm liên quan đến lĩnh vực điện – điện tử Sau hồn tất mơn học ngƣời học đọc hiểu đƣợc tài liệu điện – điện tử liên quan đến chủ đề nhƣ dụng cụ điện vật liệu điện loại dụng cụ đo điện trở trở kháng diode - Về lực tự chủ trách nhiệm: Rèn luyện tính khoa học khả làm việc độc lập nhóm cặp Tự đánh giá kết thân thành viên cặp/nhóm sau hồn thành tập Nội dung môn học/mô đun: Số TT Tên môn học Tổng số Thời gian Thực Lý thuyết hành /bài tập Kiểm tra Unit Electric Tools Unit Electric Materials Unit Electrical Measuring Instruments Unit Electric Circuits 3 3 1 2 2 1 Unit Effects of the Electric Current Unit Diode Unit Transistor Unit Field Effect Transistor Unit Resistor & Resistance 3 30 10 Revision +Final Test Tổng cộng 1 17 UNIT ELECTRIC TOOLS Mã bài: MH09-01 Giới thiệu: Trong sinh viên đƣợc cung cấp số thuật ngữ liên quan đến dụng cụ sử sụng trình sữa chữa lắp đặt điện Sinh viên đọc hiểu khóa nói dụng cụ điện thực hành tập để rèn luyện kỹ đọc hiểu Mục tiêu: - Kiến thức: + Nhận biết thuật ngữ liên quan đến dụng cụ điện nhƣ tuộc ví kềm mỏ nhọn kềm tuốc dây kềm cắt cáp keo cách điện máy khoan + Hiểu đƣợc nội dung khóa tiếng Anh dụng cụ điện nhƣ tuộc ví kềm mỏ nhọn kềm tuốc dây kềm cắt cáp keo cách điện máy khoan - Kỹ năng: + Đọc hiểu đƣợc nội dung khóa tiếng Anh liên quan dụng cụ điện nhƣ tuộc ví kềm mỏ nhọn kềm tuốc dây kềm cắt cáp keo cách điện máy khoan - Năng lực tự chủ trách nhiệm: + Phát triển khả làm việc độc lập làm việc theo cặp/nhóm + Tự đánh giá kết thân thành viên cặp/nhóm sau hồn thành tập Nội dung chính: ELECTRIC TOOLS Needle-nose pliers or long-nose pliers are both cutting and holding pliers used by electricians to bend and snip wires Because of their long shape they are useful for reaching into small areas where cables or other materials have become unreachable with fingers or other means There are two basic types of screwdrivers: standard, or slot screwdrivers and Phillips screwdrivers The difference between a standard screwdriver and a Phillips screwdriver is the shape of the head You use Phillips screwdrivers with Phillips screws, and standard screwdrivers with standard screws Wire strippers are a small, handheld device used to strip the electrical insulation from electric wires Wire strippers include a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or wire cutters The addition of a center notch makes it easier to cut the insulation without cutting the wire This type of wire stripper is used by rotating it around the insulation while applying pressure in order to make a cut around the insulation Since the insulation is not bonded to the wire, it then pulls easily off the end Cable shears are ideal for cutting copper and aluminum cables, including both single and multiple wires The hardened blades provide an easy, clean, precise cut without damaging or deforming the cable Insulating tape is used to insulate electrical wires and other materials that conduct electricity It can be made of many plastics, but vinyl is most popular, as it stretches well and gives an effective and long lasting insulation All electricians need a high quality drill Along with it, they need lots of drill bits The Electrician Drill Bit Kit has everything you need It contains several spade bits These bits are perfect for most jobs For other jobs, the kit has auger bits, hole saw bits and wood augers (Text taken from https://en.wikipedia.org, and from Career Paths Electronics edited by Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley & Carl Taylor) Task Match the underlined words from the text with the appropriate definitions …………… a tool for cutting paper or cloth, that has two sharp blades with handles, joined together in the middle …………… a person whose job is to connect, repair, etc electrical …………… equipment protect something with a material that prevents electricity from passing …………… …………… allow electricity to pass along or through metal in the form of thin thread …………… a tool or machine with a pointed end for making holes …………… a thin pointed piece of metal like a nail with a raised spiral line along it and a line or cross cut into its …………… head a long, narrow opening, into which you put or fit something Task Read the text and say which electric tool does each of the following statement refer to? …………… They are designed to bend and snip wires …………… This device is quite similar to scissors or wire cutters, but it has a center notch to make it easier to cut the insulation without cutting the wire This device has hardened blades to help create an easy, …………… clean, precise cut without damaging or deforming the cable …………… It is made of plastics and it helps insulate electrical wires and other materials …………… It is often made of plastics or vinyl …………… Standard and Phillips screwdrivers are two basic kinds of screwdrivers Task Read the text again and choose the correct answers Needle-nose pliers are useful for electricians because they …………… A can cut wires B have long shape C can reach into small areas Another name of the needle-nose pliers is …………… A long-nose pliers B cutting pliers C holding pliers The function of wire strippers is …………… A cutting the both insulation and wire B cutting the wire C cutting the insulation from the wire Cable shears are used for ………… A cutting the single and multiple cables B damaging the cables C deforming the cables Electrician Drill Bit it includes ………… A spade bits and auger bits B hole saw bits and wood augers C Both A & B What the words in italics in these sentences refer to? All electricians need a high quality drill Along with it, they need lots of drill bits A electricians B drill bits C the quality drill Insulating tape is used to insulate electrical wires and other materials that conduct electricity It can be made of many plastics, but vinyl is most popular A electricity B insulating tape C wire This type of wire stripper is used by rotating it around the insulation while applying pressure in order to make a cut around the insulation A the insulation B this type of wire strippers C wire strippers 10 The Electrician Drill Bit Kit has everything you need It contains several spade bits These bits are perfect for most jobs A Electrician Drill Bit Kit B spade bits C everything Task Name these pictures with words or phrases from the text The transistor was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1948 by three American scientists, John Bareen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley The transistors created as a result of their work can perform most of the same tasks as vacuum tubes To make a transistor, controlled impurities are introduced into semiconductor material which has been refined to a high degree of purity Impurities such as arsenic, antimony, or phosphorous add readily available electrons, creating an n type of treated or doped, semiconducting material The elements aluminum and boron, on the other hand, create tiny vacant spots, or holes, that tend to capture the free electrons This kind of doped semiconducting material is called the p type When n and p types of semiconductors are placed together, current flowing through them is rectified because the electrons can flow only from n to p In this way, the transistor is similar to the diode vacuum tube, but unlike the diode, it has a three- part, sandwich-like structure There are three terminals, called the emitter, the collector and the base The base forms the middle part of the sandwich The first type of transistor developed for widespread use has an npn structure, the base being made of p-type semiconductor The other is called pnp Depending upon how they are connected in a circuit, they can perform a wide variety of functions, including those of amplifiers, switches, and oscillators Transistors overcame most of the disadvantages of the vacuum tube Since they were very small, they could be packed closely together - observe the difference in size between a radio with tubes and a transistor radio They could take rough handling, seldom burned out, did not overheat, required no warm-up time, and used less current There were other economic advantages - they were inexpensive to manufacture and did not need nearly as much wiring to connect them Transistors were first placed on boards or sheets of insulating materials and wired into a circuit Since then printed circuits have replaced complicated wiring systems in many cases In printed circuits, transistors are connected by thin lines of copper which are bonded to the surface of an insulator (Text taken from English for Electronics and Telecommunications edited by Nguyen Cam Thanh, Dang Duc Cuong & Vuong Dao Vy) Task Match the underlined words from the text with the correct definitions ………………… ………………… ………………… A circuit for electricity in a piece of electronic equipment that uses thin pieces of metal instead of wires to carry the current a piece of equipment for producing oscillating electric currents the system of wires that is used for carrying 37 electricity around a building or machine ………………… an electrical device or piece of equipment that makes sounds or radio signals louder substances that are present in small amounts in ………………… another substance, making it dirty or of poor quality a space or opening that goes all the way ………………… through something ………………… Add an impurity to a semiconductor to produce a desired electrical characteristic ………………… A sealed glass tube containing a near-vacuum which allows the free passage of electric current Task Decide whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE ( F ) by referring to the information in the text ……… The transistor was developed due to disadvantages of the vacuum tube ……… Silicon is a better conductor than aluminum Arsenic is an impurity which creates an n type of ……… semiconducting material by adding readily available electrons When making a transistor, people could use both doped or ……… pure semiconductor materials in it Impurities were optional When n and p types of semiconductor are placed together, ……… current can only flow through them in one direction A transistor performs a lot of functions no matter how they ……… are connected in a circuit The transistor was smaller, more dependable, and had the ……… same function as the vacuum tube ……… The transistor, having npn or pnp types of structure, overcame most of the disadvantages of the vacuum tube Task Answer the following questions Why was it necessary to replace vacuum tubes by transistors during and after World War II? ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… What chemical substances are used to make transistors? ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… What are the functions of impurities such as arsenic or aluminum in making transistors? ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… 38 How many functions can transistors perform in a circuit? Name three of them ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… What are some economic advantages of transistors over vacuum tubes? ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… Task Refer back to the text and find synonyms (i.e words with a similar meaning) for the following words area paragraph ………………… paragraph ………………… valves paragraph ………………… fundamental paragraph ………………… linked paragraph ………………… produce Now refer back to the text and find antonyms (i.e words with an opposite meaning) for the following words large paragraph ………………… purities paragraph ………………… available paragraph ………………… different from paragraph ………………… paragraph ………………… unpacked Task Fill in the spaces of the following sentences with the appropriate words or phrases, basing on the information in the text In the of treated semiconducting material, there are holes from which electrons have been removed A transistor has three terminals: the one connected to the middle part of the ''sandwich" is the …….……… and the two outer parts are the ……………… and the …………… …………… and……………….are two of the elements from which transistors are made One arrangement of semiconductors in transistors is………………… and the other is …….…………… ………………… is one of the impurities that can create n type semiconducting material …… is one of the impurities that can create p type semiconducting material Transistors perform a variety of functions including of amplifiers, switches and oscillators Task Translate into Vietnamese To make a transistor, controlled impurities are introduced into semiconductor material which has been refined to a high degree of purity Impurities add readily available electrons, creating an n type of treated or 39 doped, semiconducting material …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… When n and p types of semiconductors are placed together, current flowing through them is rectified because the electrons can flow only from n to p …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… There are three terminals, called the emitter, the collector and the base The base forms the middle part of the sandwich …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… The first type of transistor developed for widespread use has an npn structure, the base being made of p-type semiconductor The other is called pnp …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Depending upon how they are connected in a circuit, they can perform a wide variety of functions, including those of amplifiers, switches, and oscillators …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Vocabulary + bond (v) liên kết, gắn chặt (với) + base (n) cực gốc + complicated (adj) phức tạp + manufacture (v) sản xuất chế tạo + compound (n) hợp chất + overcome (v) khắc phục vƣợt qua + conductivity (n) tính dẫn (điện, + printed circuit (n) mạch in nhiệt) + rectify (v) nắn dòng + crystal (n) tinh thể + refine (v) lọc sạch, tinh chế, tinh lọc + growth (n) tăng trƣởng, phát + semiconductor (n) chất bán dẫn triển + rectify (v) chỉnh lƣu nắn dòng + impurity (n) tạp chất + treat (v) xử lý + board (n) bo mạch + hole (n) lỗ + overcome (v) khắc phục vƣợt qua +oscillator (n) máy tạo dao động + pack (v) xếp đặt + light-sensitive transistor (n) tranzito + vacant spot (n) chỗ trống cảm quang + emitter (n) cực phát + amplifier (n) máy khuếch đại +collector (n) cực thu 40 UNIT FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR Mã bài: MH09-08 Giới thiệu: Trong sinh viên đƣợc cung cấp số thuật ngữ liên quan đến cấu tạo nguyên lý hoạt động transistor hiệu ứng trƣờng Sinh viên đọc hiểu khóa nói cấu tạo nguyên lý hoạt động số ứng dụng transistor hiệu ứng trƣờng thực hành tập để rèn luyện kỹ đọc hiểu Mục tiêu: - Kiến thức: + Nhận biết thuật ngữ liên quan đến cấu tạo nguyên lý hoạt động transistor hiệu ứng trƣờng nhƣ cực máng cực nguồn cực cổng điện áp vào điện áp khuếch đại dòng khuếch đại điện áp kênh phân cực nghịch phân cực thuận vùng nghèo điện tích… + Hiểu đƣợc nội dung khóa tiếng Anh nói cấu tạo nguyên lý hoạt động transistor hiệu ứng trƣờng - Kỹ năng: + Đọc hiểu đƣợc nội dung khóa tiếng Anh nói cấu tạo nguyên lý hoạt động transistor hiệu ứng trƣờng - Năng lực tự chủ trách nhiệm: + Phát triển khả làm việc độc lập làm việc theo cặp/nhóm + Tự đánh giá kết thân thành viên cặp/nhóm sau hồn thành tập Nội dung To control bipolar transistors, you control the current flowing into or out of its base The other type of transistor is the field effect transistor (FET) FETs work by controlling voltages instead Accordingly, they can be controlled with much smaller currents and are much more economic to use The three terminals of the FET are called the source (S), drain (D) and gate (G), as shown in following figure When the gate is not connected, a current of electrons can flow from source (S) to drain (D) easily along the channel The source is, accordingly, the negative terminal of the transistor The drain, where the electrons come out, is the positive terminal of the transistor 41 A few electrons will flow from the n-type channel into the p-type semiconductor of the gate when the device is manufactured However, as these electrons are not removed (the gate is not connected), a depletion band is set up which prevents further flow into the gate In operation, the gate is connected to negative voltages relative to the source This makes the p-n junction between gate and channel reverse-biased Accordingly no current flows from the source into the gate When the voltage of the gate is lowered (made more negative), the depletion band becomes wider This enlarged depletion band takes up some of the space of the channel So the lower the voltage of the gate (the more negative it is relative to the source), the larger the depletion band The larger the depletion band, the narrower the channel The narrower the channel, the harder it is for electrons to flow from source to drain The voltage of the gate is not the only factor affecting the current of electrons between the source and the drain If the external circuit has a low resistance, electrons are able to leave the drain easily If the external circuit has a high resistance electrons leave the drain slowly This creates a kind of „traffic jam‟ which slows the passage of further electrons In this way, the voltage of the drain regulates itself, and is more or less independent of the current demanded from the drain Once these two factors have been taken into account, it is fair to say that the positive output voltage (the voltage of the drain relative to the source) is proportional to the negative input voltage (the voltage of the gate relative to the source) For this reason, the field effect transistor is known as a voltage amplifier This contrasts with the bipolar transistor which is a current amplifier (Text taken from http://www.nongnu.org/fhsst/fhsstphy) Task Match the underlined words from the text with the correct definitions 42 ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… connected with or located on the outside of something/somebody referring to a voltage which prevents or significantly reduces the flow of current; specifically (of a diode) having a higher voltage at the cathode than at the anode, allowing only a negligible current to flow from the latter to the former having or relating to two poles an electronic device for increasing the amplitude of electrical signals, used chiefly in sound reproduction an electric circuit which acts as a path for a signal a solid substance that conducts electricity in particular conditions, better than insulators but not as well as conductors a small electronic device used in computers, radios, televisions, etc for controlling an electric current as it passes along a circuit The middle part of a bipolar transistor, separating the emitter from the collector Task True-False Statements ……… You control the current flowing into or out of its collector to control a bipolar transistor ……… FET can be controlled with much bigger currents and are much more economic to use ……… The negative terminal of the transistor is the negative terminal ……… of a FET A flow of electrons is able to flow from source (S) to drain ……… (D) easily along the channel when the gate is not connected ……… The lower the voltage of the gate becomes, the wider the depletion band is ……… There are no other factors affecting the current of electrons between the source and the drain than the voltage of the gate ……… Electrons are able to leave the drain easily in case the external circuit has a rather high resistance A FET is known as a voltage amplifier while a bipolar transistor is considered as a current amplifier Task Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER How many terminals does a FET consist of? What are they? ………………………………………………………………………………… What is the negative terminal of a FET? ………………………………………………………………………………… What is the positive terminal of a FET? 43 ………………………………………………………………………………… How will electrons leave the drain in case the external circuit has a high resistance? ………………………………………………………………………………… What happens when the voltage of the gate becomes lower? ………………………………………………………………………………… Task Refer back to the text and find synonyms (i.e words with a similar meaning) for the following words direct linked move stop produced reduced paragraph paragraph paragraph paragraph paragraph paragraph 2 3 ………………… ………………… ………………… ………………… ………………… ………………… Task Fill in each blank with a suitable word or phrases from the box voltage, bipolar transistor, terminals base, depletion, drain, semiconductors, collector There are several types of transistors including ……………… junction field effect transistor (JFET) and metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) Both FETs and bipolar transistors need a bias ……….to turn on A bipolar transistor has three terminals An electrical current flows into its first terminal known as ………… The base changes the current flow between the emitter and ……… Field effect transistors also have three …………… However the terminals have different names: the gate source and …………… When p-type and n-type semiconductors are placed in contact with each other, a p-n …………is formed Near the junction, electrons and holes combine to create a …………….region Task Translate into Vietnamese The three terminals of the FET are called the source (S), drain (D) and gate (G) When the gate is not connected, a current of electrons can flow from source (S) to drain (D) easily along the channel …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 44 The source is, accordingly, the negative terminal of the transistor The drain, where the electrons come out, is the positive terminal of the transistor …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… The positive output voltage is proportional to the negative input voltage For this reason, the field effect transistor is known as a voltage amplifier This contrasts with the bipolar transistor which is a current amplifier …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… When the voltage of the gate is lowered, the depletion band becomes wider This enlarged depletion band takes up some of the space of the channel So the lower the voltage of the gate, the larger the depletion band …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Vocabulary + bipolar transistor (n) tran-si-to lƣỡng cực + field effect transistor (FET) (n) transi-to trƣờng + source (S) (n) cực nguồn + drain (D) (n) cực máng + gate (G) (n) cực cổng + channel (n) kênh đƣờng truyền + depletion band (n) vùng nghèo điện tích + p-n junction (n) lớp chuyển tiếp p-n + reverse-biased (a) độ lệch nghịch + positive (a) dƣơng + negative (a) âm + external circuit(n) mạch + passage (n) đƣờng + regulate (v) điều chỉnh + factor (n) nhân tố + take into account (exp) tính đến + proportional (a) cân xứng tỉ lệ + input voltage (n) điện áp đầu vào + output voltage (n) điện áp đầu + voltage amplifier (n) khuếch đại điện áp + current amplifier (n) khuếch đại dòng + metal-oxide (n) xít kim loại 45 UNIT RESISTORS AND RESISTANCE Mã bài: MH09-09 Giới thiệu: Trong sinh viên đƣợc cung cấp số thuật ngữ liên quan đến điện trở trở kháng Sinh viên đọc hiểu khóa nói điện trở trở kháng thực hành tập để rèn luyện kỹ đọc hiểu Mục tiêu: - Kiến thức: + Nhận biết thuật ngữ liên quan đến điện trở trở kháng nhƣ cản trở dòng điện nhiệt độ tiết diện dây dẫn độ dài dây dẫn đơn vị đo diện trở lực điện động đƣờng kính chất dẫn điện (vàng bạc đồng…) chất cách điện (sứ gỗ thủy tinh…) + Hiểu đƣợc nội dung khóa tiếng Anh nói điện trở trở kháng - Kỹ năng: + Đọc hiểu đƣợc nội dung khóa tiếng Anh nói điện trở trở kháng - Năng lực tự chủ trách nhiệm: + Phát triển khả làm việc độc lập làm việc theo cặp/nhóm + Tự đánh giá kết thân thành viên cặp/nhóm sau hồn thành tập Nội dung Manufactured circuit components which contain definite amounts of resistance are called resistors In simplest terms, resistors resist, or oppose, the flow of electrons through a circuit Every material offers some resistance, or opposition, to the flow of electric current through it Good conductors, such as copper, silver, and aluminum, offer very little resistance Poor conductors, or insulators, such as glass, wood, and paper, offer a high resistance to current flow The size and type of material of the wires in an electric circuit are chosen so as to keep the electrical resistance as low as possible In this way, current can flow easily through the conductors, just as water flows through the pipe between two tanks If the water pressure remains constant, the flow of water in the pipe will depend on how large the valve is opened The smaller the opening, the greater the opposition to the flow, and the lower the rate of flow in gallons-per-second The same is true in electrical circuits: the larger the diameter of the wires, the lower their electrical resistance to the flow of current through them In the water analogy, pipe friction opposes the flow of water between the tanks This friction is similar to electrical resistance The resistance of the 46 pipe to the flow of water through it depends upon • the length of the pipe; • the diameter of the pipe; • the nature of the inside walls (rough or smooth) Similarly, the electrical resistance of conductors depends upon • the length of the wires; • the diameter of the wires; • the material of the wires (copper, aluminum, etc.) Temperature also affects the resistance of electrical conductors to some extent In most conductors (copper, aluminum, iron, etc.) the resistance increases with temperature Carbon is an exception In carbon, the resistance decreases as temperature increases Certain alloys of metals have resistance that does not change appreciably with temperature The relative resistance of several conductors of the same length and cross section is given in the following list, with silver as a standard of 1.0 and the remaining metals arranged in order of ascending resistance: Silver 1.0 Copper 1.08 Gold Aluminum 1.4 1.8 Platinum 7.0 Lead 13.5 Resistance is measured in ohms One ohm is the resistance of a circuit or circuit element that permits a steady current of ampere (1 coulomb per second) to flow when a steady EMF of volt is applied to the circuit (Text taken from English for Electronics and Telecommunications edited by Nguyen Cam Thanh, Dang Duc Cuong & Vuong Dao Vy) Task Match the definitions ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… underlined words from the text with the correct the degree to which materials act against the flow of electrons material which does not allow current to flow electronic component for opposing the flow of charge material which allows current to flow a unit of electric current equal to a flow of one coulomb per second a unit for measuring electrical resistance a metal that is formed by mixing two types of metal together, or by mixing metal with another substance a straight line going from one side of a circle or 47 any other round object to the other side, passing through the centre the size or measurement of something from one end to the other Task Which statement best expresses the main idea of the text? Different materials offer different resistance to the flow of electric current through it Resistance is the degree to which materials act against the flow of electrons The resistance of electrical conductors depends on several factors Task Decide whether the following statements are true or false ( T / F ) by referring to the information in the text ……… Copper is a better electrical conductor than aluminum ……… Because of their non-conductivity glass and paper are called insulators ……… Only non-metals have resistance to the flow of electric current through them ……… The large diameter of the wire can account for its low resistance ……… Generally, temperature has a more influence on the resistance than another factor has ……… To some extent, the resistance of electrical conductors is also affected by temperature ……… When temperature rises, the resistance always increases ……… Among the six types of metals mentioned in the text, gold is the best conductor Task Answer the questions What are resistors? ………………………………………………………………………………… What is the purpose of choosing the size and type of material of the wires in an electric circuit? ………………………………………………………………………………… Among gold, silver and copper, which is the worst conductor? ………………………………………………………………………………… How many factors affect the resistance of electrical conductors? What are they? ………………………………………………………………………………… What happens to the resistance of a carbon wire when its temperature rises? ………………………………………………………………………………… Task Which words in the text can be replaced by the words below? 48 Write the correct word from the text in each blank provides opposition speed containers drops paragraph paragraph paragraph paragraph paragraph 2 ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… Task Translate into Vietnamese In simplest terms, resistors resist, or oppose, the flow of electrons through a circuit Every material offers some resistance, or opposition, to the flow of electric current through it …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Good conductors, such as copper, silver, and aluminum, offer very little resistance Poor conductors, or insulators, such as glass, wood, and paper, offer a high resistance to current flow …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Temperature also affects the resistance of electrical conductors to some extent In most conductors the resistance increases with temperature …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Resistance is measured in ohms One ohm is the resistance of a circuit or circuit element that permits a steady current of ampere to flow when a steady EMF of volt is applied to the circuit …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Vocabulary + alloy (n) hợp kim + appreciably (adv) (một cách) đáng kể + arrange (v) xếp bố trí + constant (adj) khơng đổi số + cross section (n) tiết diện + decrease (v) giảm giảm xuống + depend on (v) phụ thuôc tuỳ thuôc (vào ) + exception (n) ngoại lệ + friction (m) ma sát + increase (v) tăng lên + measure (v) đo đo đạc + oppose (v) cản trở chống lại + resistance (n) trở kháng + resistor (n) điện trở trở + rough (adj) gổ ghề thơ ráp + size (n)kích thƣớc + smooth (adj) nhẵn trơn + diameter (n) đƣờng kính + length (n) độ dài 49 + coulomb (n) cu-lông (đơn vị đo điện tích) + pressure (n) áp lực +temperature (n) nhiệt độ + ascend (v) tăng + to some extent (exp) đến chừng mực đó, chừng mực + steady (a) đặn, ổn định 50 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO  [1] Free High School Science Texts: Textbooks for High School Students Studying the Sciences, Physics, Grade 10 -12, http://www.nongnu.org/fhsst/fhsstphy.pdf [2] Jack Erjavac (2009), “Automotive Technology” nhà xuất Delmar Cengage Learning [4] Jack Erjavac (2009), “Automotive Technology”, nhà xuất Delmar Cengage Learning [3] Hứa Thị Mai Hoa (2007) “English for Electrical Engineering” nhà xuất Hà Nội [4] Lê hắc Bình Đồn Thanh Huệ & Bùi Xuân Toại (1999) “Từ Điển Điện Tử & Tin Học Anh Việt” nhà xuất Thống ê [5] Luke James & Granath (2020), “What are diodes and what are they used for?”, https://www.power-and-beyond.com [6] Nguyễn Cẩm Thanh Đặng Đức Cƣờng & Vƣơng Đạo Vy (2007) “English for Electronics and Telecommunications” nhà xuất Bƣu Điện [7] Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com [8] Virgina Evans, Jenny Dooley & Carl Taylor (2012), “Career Paths Electronics” nhà xuất Express Publishing 51 ... kiến thức tiếng Anh chuyên ngành cấp độ tham khảo tài liệu chuyên ngành kỹ thuật điện – điện tử tiếng Anh Mục tiêu môn học/mô đun: - Về kiến thức: Nhận biết thuật ngữ giáo trình Điện tử cơng nghiệp... đƣợc nội dung đọc hiểu giáo trình kỹ thuật Điện – Điện tử liên quan đến chủ đề - Về kỹ năng: Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành kỹ thuật Điện – Điện tử tập trung chủ yếu phát triển kỹ đọc hiểu số chủ điểm... sinh viên kĩ đọc hiểu tiếng Anh để sử dụng tiếng Anh ngữ cảnh chuyên ngành mức độ sở củng cố cung cấp cho sinh viên kiến thức chuyên ngành kỹ thuật điện – điện tử - Ý nghĩa vai trị mơn học/mô