Vital signs Pulse Bradycardia Digoxin, opioids, organophosphates, plants (lily-of-the-valley, foxglove, oleander), clonidine, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers Tachycardia Alcohol, amphetamines and sympathomimetics, anticholinergic agents, tricyclic antidepressants, theophylline, salicylates, phencyclidine, cocaine Respirations Slow, depressed Alcohol, barbiturates (late), opioids, clonidine, sedative-hypnotics Tachypnea Amphetamines, barbiturates (early), methanol, ethylene glycol, salicylates, carbon monoxide Blood pressure Hypotension Cellular asphyxiants (methemoglobinemia, cyanide, carbon monoxide), βblockers, calcium channel blockers, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, barbiturates, iron, theophylline, clonidine, opioids Hypertension Amphetamines/sympathomimetics, phencyclidine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), antihistamines, anticholinergic agents, clonidine (early) Temperature Hypothermia Ethanol, barbiturates, sedative-hypnotics, opioids, phenothiazines, antidepressants, clonidine, carbamazepine Hyperpyrexia Sympathomimetics, anticholinergics, salicylates, neuroleptics, inhalational anesthetics, succinylcholine, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, withdrawal from sedatives/alcohol Neuromuscular Coma Opioids, sedative-hypnotics, anticholinergics (antihistamines,