Clinical entity Renal failure Symptoms and signs Investigations Treatment Usually insidious; Urinalysis (serial); Fluid, electrolyte no symptoms BUN; creatinine; management until uremia sets creatinine Treatment of in clearance; serum hypertension electrolytes Peritoneal dialysis Hemodialysis Renal infarction Flank pain Urinalysis; BUN; Management of renal creatinine failure as given High blood above, hemodialysis pressure Renal arteriogram Renal artery Severe, sudden Serial hematocrit Management of shock aneurysm with flank pain; gross Renal arteriogram Surgical consult hemorrhage hematuria; shock; palpable abdominal mass Hypertension Asymptomatic or Serial measurement Diuretics headache; retinal of BP; BUN; Antihypertensive changes; creatinine, agents encephalopathy creatinine clearance; IVP (or) renal arteriogram Pericarditis Chest pain; EKG; radiograph Rest, steroids, removal pericardial rub; chest; of fluid (if pulsus echocardiogram; tamponade) paradoxus (if removal of fluid Caution: If tamponade tamponade) for analysis is sudden, it may be caused by ruptured aneurysm with blood in pericardium Myocardial Sudden chest pain; EKG (continuous Pain relief; oxygen infarction shock; monitor); Circulatory support arrhythmia; echocardiogram; Heparin, thrombolytic dyspnea; thallium scan; agents congestive coronary failure arteriography Gastrointestinal Abdominal pain; Plain radiograph Treat shock; block