Resuscitation and Stabilization A General Approach to the Ill or Injured Child: Chapter Signs and Symptoms Inguinal Masses: Chapter 39 Pain: Scrotal: Chapter 61 Vaginal Bleeding: Chapter 79 Vaginal Discharge: Chapter 80 Medical, Surgical, and Trauma Emergencies Genitourinary Emergencies: Chapter 119 GOALS OF EMERGENCY THERAPY The goal of emergency therapy for genitourinary injury is to maximize organ preservation and minimize future morbidity To achieve these goals, the initial management of children with genitourinary injury in the ED centers on prompt recognition and staging of injuries, followed by appropriate urologic consultation for management and potential surgical intervention The recognition and treatment of children with genitourinary injury requires an understanding of the mechanism of injury as well as signs and symptoms associated with genitourinary injury along with appropriate use of diagnostic imaging To provide a comprehensive and accessible guide for management of children with genitourinary injury, we discuss trauma of each genitourinary organ separately yet emphasize the potential for concomitant extrarenal injury and need for maintaining a high level of suspicion for these associated injuries KIDNEY Goal of Treatment The principle underlying the management of pediatric renal trauma is preservation of renal tissue and function while minimizing morbidity and mortality Patients who are hemodynamically unstable or have sustained severe penetrating trauma to the kidney require immediate surgical intervention Management of hemodynamically stable children proceeds on the basis of radiographic staging of the traumatic injury CLINICAL PEARLS AND PITFALLS