transfusion is only indicated in patients with active bleeding or when an invasive procedure is intended Up to 50% of children with typical HUS will require RRT Dialysis is also indicated to safely provide blood products and nutritional support in the setting of persistent oligoanuria The modality of dialysis depends on the expertise of the center However, if there are severe abdominal complications requiring surgical intervention, hemodialysis will be necessary as peritoneal dialysis will be contraindicated Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis Goals of Treatment The goals of treatment for postinfectious glomerulonephritis are supportive in nature The consequences of fluid retention such as pulmonary edema and hypertension should be managed, as necessary AKI and its complications may necessitate medical intervention such as RRT in severe cases Children with evidence of active underlying infections should be treated appropriately CLINICAL PEARLS AND PITFALLS Clinical presentation of nephritis includes hematuria, edema, and hypertension Postinfectious glomerulonephritis most often occurs after an infection with group A streptococci Care is supportive, including management of fluid balance and blood pressure, and most children recover fully Clinical Considerations Clinical recognition Postinfectious glomerulonephritis is the leading cause of glomerulonephritis in children worldwide and has been associated with a multitude of bacteria, viruses, and parasites Historically, nephritogenic strains of group A β-hemolytic streptococci have been the most frequently implicated organisms, often after a proceeding pharyngitis or cellulitis However, in recent years nonstreptococcal organisms have emerged as the leading cause of postinfectious glomerulonephritis in high-income