purpura Incarcerated hernia Toxin Sickle cell disease Cystic fibrosis Milk protein allergy Intussusception Nephrotic syndrome Very uncommon or rare Appendicitis Volvulus Malignancy (e.g., Wilms tumor) Toxin (heavy metal—Pb) Malabsorptive syndromes bowel disease Peptic ulcer disease Cholecystitis, pancreatic disease Diabetes mellitus Collagen vascular disease Testicular torsion Incarcerated hernia Rheumatic fever Neoplasm Toxin Renal calculi Rheumatic fever, myocarditis, pericarditis Hepatitis Malignancy Inflammatory bowel disease Choledochal cyst Meconium ileus (cystic fibrosis) Intussusception Ovarian torsion Ovarian torsion Renal calculi Peptic ulcer disease Hepatitis Cholecystitis or pancreatic disease Meconium ileus (cystic fibrosis) Collagen vascular disease Inflammatory bowel disease Toxin Rheumatic fever Malignancy Abdominal abscess