Andersons pediatric cardiology 1134

details of a comprehensive fetal echocardiogram as well as more advanced techniques including three-dimensional and magnetic resonance imaging modalities Also included are the use of therapeutics and indications for prenatal cardiac interventions This is a critical manuscript that deserves a careful review by practitioners who treat women with pregnancies that are complicated by congenital heart disease Schidlow DN, Tworetzky W, Wilkins-Haug LE Percutaneous fetal cardiac interventions for structural heart disease Am J Perinatol 2014;31(7):629–636 This review article discusses the role of fetal cardiac intervention for three lesions in which it can be utilized, including aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome, hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact atrial septum, and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum Wang SZ, Ou-Yang WB, Hu SS, et al First-inhuman percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty under echocardiographic guidance only Congenit Heart Dis 2016;11(6):716–720 These authors report their experience in using echocardiography guidance alone in the performance of percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty in 34 patients with congenital pulmonic stenosis Although this approach is not routinely employed, the study reports the feasibility of intervention for pulmonic valve stenosis without the need for radiation or contrast use Narang R, Das G, Dev V, et al Effect of the balloon-anulus ratio on the intermediate and follow-up results of pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty Cardiology 1997;88(3):271–276 This study analyzed 71 pulmonary balloon valvuloplasties during which a balloon-annulus ratio of 1.0 to 1.5 was used for dilation Ratios outside this range were excluded due to lack of effectiveness or increased complications The authors determined that a balloon ratio of 1.25 was ideal for pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty; it is the ratio commonly employed in practice today Kovalchin JP, Forbes TJ, Nihill MR, Geva T Echocardiographic determinants of clinical course in infants with critical and severe pulmonary valve stenosis J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29(5):1095–1101 The authors reviewed 34 patients with pulmonary stenosis (critical n = 14, severe n = 20) and noted that differences in these groups included a smaller tricuspid valve diameter and right ventricular volume in patients with critical pulmonary stenosis Following intervention, the size increase of the pulmonic and tricuspid valves paralleled or exceeded the somatic growth rate Bergersen L, Gauvreau K, Marshall A, et al Procedure-type risk categories for pediatric and congenital cardiac catheterization Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2011;4(2):188–194 The Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes (C3PO) is a multicenter consortium created in part to develop outcome assessment tools for cardiac catheterization procedures in patients with congenital heart disease These tools are developed using data collected in a prospective manner at multiple institutions Based on these data, procedure types were categorized into four categories For patients less than 1 month of age, pulmonic valvuloplasty is categorized at risk category 3 Children older than 1 month of age are classified as risk category 2, indicating a higher risk profile in infants Moore JW, Vincent RN, Beekman RH 3rd, et al Procedural results and safety of common interventional procedures in congenital heart ... balloon-anulus ratio on the intermediate and follow-up results of pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty Cardiology 1997;88(3):271–276 This study analyzed 71 pulmonary balloon valvuloplasties during which a balloon-annulus... valves paralleled or exceeded the somatic growth rate Bergersen L, Gauvreau K, Marshall A, et al Procedure-type risk categories for pediatric and congenital cardiac catheterization Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2011;4(2):188–194 The Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on