(among young infants) and constipation Other gastrointestinal (GI) conditions that may present with abdominal pain include inflammatory bowel disease (more often Crohn disease than ulcerative colitis), cholecystitis (more common among children with predisposing conditions such as hemolytic anemia or cystic fibrosis or among older adolescents), pancreatitis, dietary protein allergy (typically in infants), malabsorption, and intra-abdominal abscesses (most commonly observed in children with perforated appendicitis) Incarcerated inguinal hernia is an extra-abdominal cause of abdominal pain that can be life-threatening A careful genitourinary examination should be performed in all children with abdominal pain Myocarditis and pericarditis are rare extraabdominal causes of abdominal pain Systemic life-threatening conditions that can be associated with abdominal pain include diabetic ketoacidosis and hemolytic uremic syndrome Other extra-abdominal conditions in which abdominal pain is often present include the following: Henoch–Schönlein purpura (usually with a distinctive purpuric rash over the lower extremities and buttock), vaso-occlusive crisis with sickle cell syndromes, testicular torsion, urolithiasis (typically with colicky pain and flank tenderness), and toxic ingestions (such as lead or iron)